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The European Migration Network (EMN) has published the inform on Safe countries of origin and safe third countries: criteria for identifying and examining applications in light of the new Asylum Procedure Regulation (EU) 2024/1348. Based on contributions from 26 EMN Member Countries and Serbia, the inform examines current national approaches to safe country of origin (SCO) and safe third country (STC) concepts and their relevance for implementation of the Asylum Procedure Regulation from June 2026.

Designation of SCOs and STCs

Nineteen countries (AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, EE, EL, FR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LU, MT, NL, SE, SI, SK) reported using a national list of SCOs, while Finland and Portugal apply the concept on a case-by-case basis.

Six countries (BG, CZ, DE, EL, HU, IE) have adopted national lists of STCs while 13 (AT, BE, CY, EE, FI, LT, LU, LV, MT, NL, PT, SE, SI) apply the STC assessment on an ad hoc basis. In countries that use national lists, the same institutional actors designate both SCOs and STCs.

Procedures, timelines and criteria

Twenty countries (AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, EE, EL, FI, FR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LU, MT, NL, SE, SI, SK) apply accelerated procedures to applications from SCOs, with appeal deadlines ranging from one week to one month. Bulgaria, the Netherlands and Slovakia exclude unaccompanied minors from accelerated processing, and some limit its use for vulnerable applicants.

When applying the STC concept, some countries have introduced additional criteria beyond EU law, such as compliance with international human rights standards or the applicant’s ability to remain in the third country during the procedure.

Exceptions, safeguards and implementation issues

A small number of countries apply territorial or group exceptions to SCOs or STCs, reflecting risks linked to specific regions or categories of applicants. No country reported requiring assurances from third countries on the treatment of transferred individuals. Reported challenges include litigation over designations, establishing a connection to a third country and readmission in practice.

Good practices

The inform highlights good practices supporting fair and efficient procedures, including improved training for case officers, adapted interview formats, dedicated asylum units and greater use of automation. Overall, it provides comparative information to support preparation for the future application of the Asylum Procedure Regulation.

For the full comparative analysis and findings, please read the complete inform.