Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: културно многообразие
- CZ: kulturní diverzita
- DE: kulturelle Vielfalt
- EE: kultuuriline mitmekesisus
- EN: cultural diversity
- ES: diversidad cultural
- FI: kulttuurinen moninaisuus / diversitetti
- FR: diversité culturelle
- GA: ilchineálacht chultúrtha
- GR: πολιτιστική ποικιλομορφία
- HU: kulturális sokféleség
- IT: diversità culturale
- LT: kultūrų įvairovė
- LV: kultūras daudzveidība
- MT: Diversità kulturali
- NL: culturele diversiteit
- NO: kulturelt mangfold (b) / kulturelt mangfald (n)
- PL: różnorodność kulturowa
- PT: diversidade cultural
- RO: diversitate culturală
- SE: kulturell mångfald
- SK: kultúrna rozmanitosť / kultúrna diverzita
- SL: kulturna raznolikost
The diversity of forms of culture in a society composed of groups of people from many different cultural backgrounds.
2. On 18 December 2006, the European Community ratified the UNESCO Convention. Preserving and promoting cultural diversity are among the Community’s founding principles: they are enshrined in the Treaty, under Art. 151, and in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, under Art. 22.3.
- BG: междукултурен диалог
- CZ: mezikulturní dialog
- DE: interkultureller Dialog
- EE: kultuuridevaheline dialoog
- EN: intercultural dialogue
- ES: diálogo intercultural
- FI: kulttuurienvälinen vuoropuhelu
- FR: dialogue interculturel
- GA: idirphlé idirchultúrtha
- HU: interkulturális párbeszéd
- IT: dialogo interculturale
- LT: kultūrų dialogas
- LV: starpkultūru dialogs
- MT: Djalogu interkulturali
- NL: interculturele dialoog
- NO: interkulturell dialog
- PL: dialog międzykulturowy
- RO: dialog intercultural
- SE: interkulturell dialog
- SK: medzikultúrny dialóg / interkultúrny dialóg
- SL: medkulturni dialog
An open and respectful exchange of views between individuals and groups with different ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic backgrounds and heritage on the basis of mutual understanding and respect.
2. For more information, see Evaluation of the European Year of Intercultural Dialogue, 2008 (COM/2010/03561 final).
- BG: култура
- CZ: kultura
- DE: Kultur
- EE: kultuur
- EN: culture
- ES: cultura
- FI: kulttuuri
- FR: culture
- GA: cultúr
- GR: πολιτισμός; κουλτούρα
- HU: kultúra
- IT: cultura
- LT: kultūra
- LV: kultūra
- MT: Kultura
- NL: cultuur
- NO: kultur
- PL: kultura
- PT: cultura
- RO: cultura
- SE: kultur
- SK: kultúra
- SL: kultura
The set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of a society or a social group encompassing, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs.
- BG: мултикултурализъм
- CZ: multikulturalismus
- DE: Multikulturalismus
- EE: multikultuursus
- EN: multiculturalism
- ES: multiculturalismo
- FI: monikulttuurisuus
- FR: multiculturalisme
- GA: ilchultúrthacht
- HU: multikulturalizmus
- IT: multiculturalismo
- LT: daugiakultūriškumas
- LV: multikulturālisms
- MT: Sħubija għall-Mobbilità
- NL: multiculturalisme
- NO: multikulturalisme
- PL: wielokulturowość
- RO: multiculturalism
- SE: multikulturalism
- SK: multikulturalizmus
- SL: multikulturalizem
A policy that endorses the principle of cultural diversity and supports the right of different cultural and ethnic groups to retain distinctive cultural identities ensuring their equitable access to society, encompassing constitutional principles and commonly shared values prevailing in the society.
2. There is no universally accepted definition of multiculturalism, multiculturalism can refer to different concepts: demographic facts, philosophical or political ideas and values.
3. Multiculturalism emphasises cultural differences and different cultures existing next to each other without necessarily much contact or participative interaction.
4. The model of multiculturalism has often been criticised on different grounds. Critics of multiculturalism question the ideal of the maintenance of distinct ethnic cultures within a state; others argue that policies of multiculturalism have failed to create inclusion of different cultures within society, but instead have divided society by legitimising segregated separate communities that have isolated themselves and accentuated their specificity.
- BG: циркулярна миграция
- CZ: cirkulační / cirkulární migrace
- DE: zirkuläre Migration
- EE: korduvränne
- EN: circular migration
- ES: migración circular
- FI: kiertomuutto
- FR: migration circulaire
- GA: imirce chiorclach
- GR: κυκλική μετανάστευση
- HU: körkörös migráció
- IT: migrazione circolare
- LT: apykaitinė migracija
- LV: cirkulārā migrācija
- MT: Migrazzjoni ċirkolari
- NL: circulaire migratie
- NO: sirkulær migrasjon
- PL: migracja cyrkulacyjna
- PT: migração circular
- RO: migraţie circulară
- SE: cirkulär migration
- SK: okružná migrácia / cirkulárna migrácia
- SL: krožna migracija
A repetition of legal migration by the same person between two or more countries.
(a) Circular migration of third-country nationals settled in the EU
This category of circular migration gives people the opportunity to engage in an activity (business, professional, voluntary or other) in their country of origin while retaining their main residence in one of the EU Member States. This covers various groups, e.g.:
- business persons working in the EU and wishing to start an activity in their country of origin (or in another third country); and
- doctors, professors or other professionals willing to support their country of origin by conducting part of their professional activity there.
(b) Circular migration of persons residing in a third country
Circular migration could create an opportunity for persons residing in a third country to come to the EU temporarily for work, study, training or a combination of these, on the condition that, at the end of the period for which they were granted entry, they must re-establish their main residence and their main activity in their country of origin. Circularity can be enhanced by giving migrants the possibility, once they have returned, to retain some form of privileged mobility to and from the EU Member States where they were formerly residing, for example in the form of simplified admission / re-entry procedures. This category covers a wide array of situations, spanning the whole spectrum of migrants, including:
- third-country nationals wishing to work temporarily in the EU, e.g. in seasonal employment;
- third-country nationals wishing to study or train in Europe before returning to their country;
- third-country nationals who, after having completed their studies, wish to be employed in the EU (e.g. as trainees) to acquire professional experience which is difficult to obtain at home, before returning;
- third-country researchers wishing to carry out a research project in the EU;
- third-country nationals who wish to take part in intercultural people-to-people exchanges and other activities in the field of culture, active citizenship, education and youth (such as, for example, training courses, seminars, events, study visits);
- third-country nationals who wish to carry out an unremunerated voluntary service pursuing objectives of general interest in the EU.
- BG: Национални точки за контакт по интеграция
- CZ: národní kontaktní body na integraci
- DE: Nationale Kontaktstellen für Integration
- EE: integratsiooni riiklikud kontaktpunktid
- EN: National Contact Points on Integration
- ES: puntos de contacto nacional de integración
- FI: kotouttamisasioiden kansalliset yhteyspisteet
- FR: Points de contact nationaux en matière d’intégration
- GA: Pointí Teagmhála Náisiúnta le haghaidh Imeascadh
- GR: Εθνικά Σημεία Επαφής για την Ένταξη
- HU: nemzeti integrációs kapcsolattartó pontok
- IT: Punti di contatto nazionali sull’integrazione
- LT: nacionaliniai integracijos informacijos centrai
- LV: nacionālie integrācijas kontaktpunkti
- MT: Punti ta’ Kuntatt Nazzjonali fuq l-Integrazzjoni
- NL: nationale contactpunten voor integratie
- NO: nasjonale kontaktpunkter på integreringsfeltet (b) / nasjonale kontaktpunkt på integreringsfeltet (n)
- PL: Krajowe punkty kontaktowe ds. Integracji
- PT: Pontos de Contacto Nacionais de Integração
- RO: punctele naţionale de contact pentru integrare
- SE: nationella kontaktpunkter på integrationsområdet
- SK: národné kontaktné body pre integráciu
- SL: Nacionalne kontaktne točke za integracijo
A network of authorities responsible for integration issues which serves to facilitate exchange of information and good practice at EU level with the purpose of finding successful solutions for integration of immigrants in all EU Member States and to ensure policy coordination and coherence at national level and with EU initiatives.
2. The National Contact Points on Integration consider inter alia employment, education, language, health, housing, culture and participation. The network’s long-term objective is to develop and reinforce the European framework for integration, in order to define basic common principles and objectives, to determine assessment measures, and to reinforce the coordination of national and European integration policies.
3. One output which the National Contact Points on Integration are very much involved in are the Handbooks on Integration. For more information, see the European website on Integration.
- BG: малцинство
- CZ: menšina
- DE: Minderheit
- EE: vähemus
- EN: minority
- ES: minoría
- FI: vähemmistö
- FR: minorité
- GA: mionlach
- HU: kissebbség
- IT: minoranza
- LT: mažuma
- LV: minoritāte
- MT: Minoranza / F’minoranza
- NL: minderheid
- NO: minoritet
- PL: mniejszość
- PT: Minoria
- RO: minoritate
- SE: minoritet
- SK: menšina
- SL: manjšina
A non-dominant group which is usually numerically less than the majority population of a State or region regarding their ethnic, religious or linguistic characteristics and who (if only implicitly) maintain solidarity with their own culture, traditions, religion or language.
2. This definition has been added because of its relevance to international protection and integration-related aspects.
- BG: акултурация
- CZ: akulturace
- DE: Akkulturation
- EE: kultuuriline kohanemine
- EN: acculturation
- ES: aculturación
- FI: akkulturaatio, sopeutuminen vieraaseen kulttuuriin
- FR: acculturation
- GA: athchultúrú
- GR: εκπολιτισμό
- HU: akkulturáció
- IT: acculturazione
- LT: akultūracija
- LV: akulturācija
- MT: Akkulturazzjoni
- NL: acculturatie
- NO: assimilasjon
- PL: akulturacja
- RO: aculturalizare
- SE: ackulturation
- SK: akulturácia
- SL: akulturacija
A series of changes in cultural mores (ideas, words, values, norms, behaviour, institutions) resulting from direct and continuous contact and interaction between groups of different cultures, particularly through migratory movements or economic exchange, the media and other channels.