Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: управление на миграционните процеси
- CZ: řízená migrace
- DE: gesteuerte Migration
- EE: juhitud ränne
- EN: managed migration
- ES: gestión integral de la migración
- FI: hallittu maahanmuutto
- FR: gestion des migrations
- GA: imirce bhainistithe
- GR: ελεγχόμενη μετανάστευση
- HU: migráció kezelés / migráció menedzsment (+ well-managed migration = megfelelően kezelt migráció)
- IT: migrazione gestita
- LT: valdoma migracija
- LV: pārvaldīta migrācija
- MT: Ġestjoni ta’ flussi migratorji
- NL: gereguleerde migratie
- NO: styrt migrasjon
- PL: migracja zarządzana
- PT: migração assistida / Gestão de Migrações
- RO: migraţie controlată
- SE: reglerad migration
- SK: riadená migrácia
- SL: upravljanje migracij / vodene migracije
An approach used by the EU and EU Member States to structure the management of all aspects of migration into and within the EU of both third-country nationals and EU nationals, particularly the entry, admission, residence, integration and return, as well as of refugees and others in need of protection.
Developed by EMN
- BG: притегателен фактор
- CZ: pull faktor
- DE: Pull-Faktor
- EE: tõmbefaktor
- EN: pull factor
- ES: factor de atracción
- FI: vetotekijä
- FR: facteur d’attraction
- GA: toisc tharraingthe
- GR: πόλος έλξης
- HU: húzó tényező / vonzó tényező / pull-faktor
- IT: fattore di attrazione
- LT: traukos veiksnys
- LV: pievilkšanas faktors
- MT: Fattur t’attrazzjoni / ta’ ġibda
- NL: pull factor
- NO: trekkfaktor
- PL: czynnik przyciągający
- PT: factor de atracção / pull factor
- RO: factor de atragere / „pull“ factor
- SE: pull-faktor
- SK: stimulačný faktor / „pull“ faktor
- SL: dejavnik privabljanja
The condition(s) or circumstance(s) that attract a migrant to another country.
As recognised by the project European Reintegration Networking, this can be for a specific or a variety of reasons, e.g. expanding economic opportunities and potential for advancement in the country of destination.
- BG: отблъскващ фактор
- CZ: push faktor
- DE: Push-Faktor
- EE: tõukefaktor
- EN: push factor
- ES: factor de expulsión
- FI: työntötekijä
- FR: facteur de répulsion
- GA: toisc bhrú
- GR: αιτία / παράγοντας απώθησης
- HU: taszító tényező / push faktor
- IT: fattore di spinta
- LT: stūmimo veiksnys
- LV: atgrūšanas faktors
- MT: Fattur ta’ ripulsjoni / ta’ tbarrija
- NL: push factor
- NO: skyvfaktor (b) / skuvfaktor (n)
- PL: czynik wypychający
- PT: factor de afastamento / push factor
- RO: „push factor”
- SE: push-faktor
- SK: nútiaci faktor / „push“ faktor
- SL: dejavnik spodbujanja
The condition(s) or circumstance(s) in a country of origin that impel or stimulate emigration.
As recognised by the project European Reintegration Networking, this can be for a specific or a variety of reasons, e.g. declining economic opportunities or political instability may stimulate emigration.
- BG: Източно партньорство
- CZ: Východní partnerství
- DE: Östliche Partnerschaft
- EE: idapartnerlus
- EN: Eastern Partnership
- ES: Asociación Oriental
- FI: itäinen kumppanuus
- FR: Partenariat oriental
- GA: Comhpháirtíocht an Oirthir
- GR: Aνατολική Εταιρική Σχέση
- HU: Keleti Partnerség
- IT: Partenariato Orientale
- LT: Rytų partnerystė
- LV: Austrumu partnerība
- MT: Sħubija mal-Lvant
- NL: Oostelijk Partnerschap
- NO: Det østlige partnerskapet (b) / Det austlege partnarskapet (n)
- PL: Partnerstwo Wschodnie
- PT: parceria oriental
- RO: Parteneriatul Estic
- SE: Östra partnerskapet
- SK: Východné partnerstvo
- SL: Vzhodno partnerstvo
An institutionalised forum for EU cooperation with its Eastern neighbours whose main goal is to create the necessary conditions to accelerate political association and further economic integration.
2. The precursor of the EaP was the Söderköping Process, which was launched in May 2001 as a cross-border cooperation on asylum and migration in order to respond to new challenges due to the EU’s enlargement eastwards. With the establishment of the Panel on Migration and Asylum within the Eastern Partnership’s Platform 1, the work of the Söderköping Process is being carried on within the multilateral dimension of the Eastern Partnership.
3. For more information, see the website of the EAP.
- BG: Регионална инициатива по миграция, убежище и бежанци
- CZ: Regionální iniciativa pro migraci, azyl a uprchlíky
- DE: Regionale Migrations-, Asyl- und Flüchtlingsinitiative
- EE: rände, varjupaiga ja pagulaste regionaalne meede (dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra)
- EN: Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative
- ES: iniciativa regional para la migración, el asilo y los refugiados
- FI: maahanmuuttoa, turvapaikkaa ja pakolaisia koskeva alueellinen aloite
- FR: Initiative régionale en matière de migration, d’asile et de retour des réfugiés
- GA: Tionscnamh Réigiúnach um Imirce, Tearmann & Dídeanaithe
- GR: Περιφερειακή Πρωτοβουλία για τη Μετανάστευση, το Άσυλο και τους Πρόσφυγες
- HU: Migráció és Menekültügyi Regionális Kezdeményezés
- IT: Iniziativa Regionale Migrazione, Asilo, Rifugiati
- LT: Regioninė migracijos, prieglobsčio ir pabėgėlių iniciatyva
- LV: Migrācijas, patvēruma un bēgļu reģionālā iniciatīva
- MT: Inizzjattiva Reġjonali dwar il-Migrazzjoni, l-Ażil, u r-Rifuġjati
- NL: Regionaal Migratie-, Asiel- en Vluchtelingeninitiatief
- NO: regionalt initiativ for asyl og flyktninger for Vest-Balkan (b) / regionalt initiativ for asyl og flyktningar for Vest-Balkan (n)
- PL: Regionalna Inicjatywa w sprawach Migracji, Azylu i Uchodźstwa
- PT: iniciativa regional sobre migração, asilo e refugiados
- RO: Iniţiativa regională cu privire la migraţaie, azil şi refugiaţi
- SE: Regionala initiativet för migration, asyl och flyktingar
- SK: Regionálna iniciatíva pre migráciu, azyl a utečencov
- SL: Regionalna pobuda za migracije, azil in begunce
An initiative forming part of the South-East European Cooperation Process, which aims to enhance regional cooperation in the field of migration by promoting a comprehensive, integrated, and coherent approach to the issues of migration, asylum, border management, visa policies and consular cooperation, refugee return and settlement in order to meet international and European standards.
- the MARRI Regional Forum, which provides political and framework support to the Initiative, and
- the MARRI Regional Centre in Skopje, which carries out practical cooperation and activities of MARRI and supports the implementation of the decisions reached by the Regional Forum.
2. MARRI’s top priority is the enhancement of regional cooperation in its fields of activities among countries in the region, as a vital part of the EU integration process and in line with the Thessaloniki Agenda for the Western Balkans.
3. For more information, see the website of MARRI.
- BG: приемащо общество
- CZ: hostitelská společnost
- DE: Aufnahmegesellschaft
- EE: vastuvõttev ühiskond
- EN: host society
- ES: sociedad de acogida
- FI: vastaanottava yhteiskunta
- FR: société d’accueil
- GA: sochaí óstach
- GR: κοινωνία υποδοχής
- HU: befogadó társadalom
- IT: società di accoglienza
- LT: priimančioji visuomenė
- LV: vietējā sabiedrība
- MT: Soċjetà li tilqa’
- NL: gastsamenleving (syn.: gastmaatschappij)
- NO: vertssamfunn
- PL: społeczeństwo przyjmujące
- PT: sociedade de acolhimento
- RO: societate gazdă
- SE: värdsamhälle
- SK: hostiteľská spoločnosť / prijímajúca spoločnosť
- SL: gostujoča družba
In the EU context, residents (both nationals and non-nationals) of a national / regional / local community within an EU Member State.
In accordance with integration being a dynamic, two-way process, the activities undertaken by the host society serve to facilitate the integration of a third-country national according to the Common Basic Principles.
Developed by EMN
- BG: Пражки процес
- CZ: Pražský proces
- DE: Prager Prozess
- EE: Praha protsess
- EN: Prague Process
- ES: Proceso de Praga
- FI: Prahan prosessi
- FR: Processus de Prague
- GA: Próiseas Phrág
- HU: Prágai Folyamat
- IT: Processo di Praga
- LT: Prahos procesas
- LV: Prāgas process
- MT: Proċess (Il-) ta’ Praga
- NL: Praag-proces
- NO: Praha-prosessen
- PL: Proces Praski
- PT: Processo de Praga
- RO: Procesul Praga
- SE: Pragprocessen
- SK: Pražský proces
- SL: Praški proces
A process to strengthen cooperation in migration management between the European Union (EU) and 19 partner countries to the East (the Western Balkans, Eastern Europe, Turkey, Russia, Central Asia and Southern Caucasus).
2. Its activities extend across five areas:
(1) combating irregular migration;
(2) readmission, voluntary return and reintegration;
(3) legal migration;
(4) integration; and
(5) migration and development.
The process takes a comprehensive, balanced, pragmatic and operational approach, respecting the rights and human dignity of migrants and their family members, as well as of refugees.
3. For more information, see the website of the Prague Process.
- BG: програма за презаселване
- CZ: přesídlovací program
- DE: Neuansiedlungsprogramm
- EE: ümberasustamisprogramm
- EN: resettlement programme
- ES: programa de reasentamiento
- FI: uudelleensijoittamisohjelma
- FR: programme de réinstallation
- GA: clár athlonnaithe
- GR: πρόγραμμα μετεγκατάστασης
- HU: áttelepítési (letelepítési) program
- IT: programma di reinsediamento
- LT: perkėlimo programa
- LV: pārvietošanas programma
- MT: Programm ta’ risistemazzjoni
- NL: hervestigingsprogramma
- NO: gjenbosettingsprogram (b) / gjenbusetjingsprogram (n)
- PL: Program Przesiedleń
- PT: programa de reinstalação
- RO: program de relocare
- SE: program för vidarebosättning
- SK: presídľovací program / program presídľovania
- SL: program ponovne naselitve
In the EU context, voluntary programmes by which EU Member States aim to provide international protection and durable solutions in their territories to refugees and displaced persons identified as eligible for resettlement by UNHCR, and which include actions that the Member States implement to assess the resettlement needs and transfer the persons concerned to their territories, with a view to granting them a secure legal status and to promoting their effective integration.
EU context: Derived by EMN from Recital 18 of Decision 573/2007/EC establishing the European Refugee Fund
- BG: непридружен непълнолетен
- CZ: nezletilý bez doprovodu
- DE: unbegleiteter Minderjähriger
- EE: saatjata alaealine
- EN: unaccompanied minor
- ES: menor no acompañado (MENA)
- FI: ilman huoltajaa oleva alaikäinen, yksin tullut alaikäinen
- FR: mineur isolé étranger
- GA: mionaoiseach neamhthionlactha
- GR: ασυνόδευτος ανήλικος
- HU: kísérő nélküli kiskorú
- IT: minore non accompagnato
- LT: nelydimas nepilnametis
- LV: nepilngadīgais bez pavadības
- MT: Minorenni mhux akkumpanjat
- NL: alleenstaande minderjarige vreemdeling
- NO: enslig mindreårig (b) / einsleg mindreårig (n)
- PL: małoletni bez opieki
- PT: menor desacompanhado
- RO: minor neînsoţit
- SE: ensamkommande barn
- SK: maloletý bez sprievodu
- SL: mladoletnik brez spremstva
A minor who arrives on the territory of an EU Member unaccompanied by the adult responsible for them by law or by the practice of the EU Member State concerned, and for as long as they are not effectively taken into the care of such a person; or who is left unaccompanied after they have entered the territory of the EU Member State.
2. In some (EU Member) States, statistics include all those who claim they are unaccompanied minors (i.e. before an age assessment has confirmed this), whereas other (Member) States only count those recognised as such by a competent authority (i.e. following an age assessment).
3. For further information, see EMN: Policies on Reception, Return and Integration Arrangements for, and numbers of, Unaccompanied Minors – an EU comparative study, 2009. An update of this 2009 study was published in 2015 entitled ‘Policies, practices and data on unaccompanied minors in EU Member States and Norway'.
- BG: дългосрочно пребиваващ
- CZ: dlouhodobě pobývající rezident
- DE: langfristig Aufenthaltsberechtigter
- EE: pikaajaline elanik
- EN: long-term resident
- ES: residente de larga duración
- FI: pitkään oleskellut
- FR: résident de longue durée
- GA: cónaitheoir fadtéarmach
- GR: επί μακρών διαμένων
- HU: huzamos tartózkodás jogával rendelkező személy
- IT: residente di lungo termine
- LT: ilgalaikis gyventojas
- LV: pastāvīgais iedzīvotājs
- MT: Migrazzjoni fit-tul
- NL: langdurig ingezetene
- NO: person med permanent oppholdtillatelse (b) / person med permanent opphaldsløyve (n)
- PL: rezydent długoterminowy
- PT: residente de longa duração
- RO: rezident pe termen lung
- SE: varaktigt bosatt
- SK: osoba s dlhodobým pobytom
- SL: rezident za daljše obdobje
A third-country national who has long-term resident status as provided for under Arts. 4 to 7 of Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive) or as provided for under national legislation.
2. Directive 2011/51/EU of 11 May 2011 amended Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive) to extend its scope of application to beneficiaries of international protection.
3. The UN Recommendations on Statistics on International Migration set one year of intended residence as the lower threshold.
- BG: трайни решения
- CZ: trvalé řešení
- DE: dauerhafte Lösung
- EE: püsivad lahendused
- EN: durable solutions
- ES: soluciones duraderas
- FI: kestävät ratkaisut
- FR: solutions durables
- GA: buanréitigh; réitigh mharthanacha (uatha: buanréiteach; réiteach marthanach)
- GR: ανθεκτική λύση
- HU: a fenntarthatóságot szolgáló intézkedések
- IT: soluzione durevole
- LT: ilgalaikiai sprendimai
- LV: ilgtspējīgi risinājumi
- MT: Soluzzjonijiet dewwiema / li jibqgħu fis-seħħ
- NL: duurzame oplossing
- NO: varige løsninger (b) / varige løysingar (n)
- PL: trwałe rozwiązania
- RO: solutii durabile
- SE: hållbara lösningar
- SK: trvalé riešenia / trvácne riešenia (depending on the context)
- SL: trajne rešitve
Any means by which the situation of refugees can be satisfactorily and permanently resolved to enable them to live normal lives.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) traditionally pursues the durable solutions of voluntary repatriation, local integration and resettlement.
- BG: програма за връщане
- CZ: návratový program
- DE: Rückkehrprogramm
- EE: tagasipöördumisprogramm
- EN: return programme
- ES: programa de retorno voluntario
- FI: palauttamisohjelma
- FR: programme d’aide au retour
- GA: clár fillte
- GR: προγράμματα επιστροφής
- HU: hazatérési program
- IT: programma di ritorno
- LT: grąžinimo programa
- LV: atgriešanās programma
- MT: Programm (t’assistenza / ta’għajnuna) għar-ritorn
- NL: terugkeerprogramma
- NO: returprogram
- PL: programy powrotów
- PT: programas de retorno
- RO: program de returnare
- SE: återvändandeprogram
- SK: návratový program
- SL: program vračanja / program vrnitve
Programme to support (e.g. financial, organisational, counselling) the return, possibly including reintegration measures, of a returnee by the State or by a third party, for example an international organisation.
- BG: Общи основни принципи
- CZ: společné základní principy
- DE: Gemeinsame Grundprinzipien
- EE: ühtsed aluspõhimõtted
- EN: Common Basic Principles
- ES: principios básicos comunes
- FI: yhteiset perusperiaatteet
- FR: principes de base communs
- GA: comhphrionsabail bhunúsacha
- GR: κοινές βασικές αρχές
- HU: közös alapelvek
- IT: Principi Comuni di Base
- LT: bendrieji pagrindiniai integracijos principai
- LV: kopīgie pamatprincipi
- LT: bendrieji pagrindiniai integracijos principai
- MT: Prinċipji Bażiċi Komuni
- NL: gemeenschappelijke basisprincipes
- NO: felles grunnleggende prinsipper (b) / Felles grunnleggjande prinsipp (n)
- PL: Wspólne Podstawowe Zasady
- PT: princípios básicos comuns
- RO: principii comune de bază
- SE: gemensamma grundprinciper
- SK: spoločné základné princípy / spoločné základné zásady
- SL: Skupna temeljna načela
In the context of EU integration policy, a set of 11 simple, non-binding but thoughtful guidelines intended to assist EU Member States in formulating their integration policies.
2. The Common Basic Principles offer a guide for EU Member States against which they can judge and assess their own efforts. They can also use these basic principles to set priorities and further develop their own measurable goals. The principles are relevant both for EU Member States with considerable experience of substantial immigration as well as for those that have more recently become destinations for significant numbers of immigrants.
3. For more information, see the EU website on integration.
- BG: реинтеграция
- CZ: reintegrace
- DE: Reintegration
- EE: taaslõimumine
- EN: reintegration
- ES: reintegración
- FI: uudelleen kotouttaminen
- FR: réintégration
- GA: athimeascadh
- GR: επανένταξη
- HU: reintegráció (visszailleszkedés)
- IT: reintegrazione
- LT: reintegracija
- LV: reintegrācija
- MT: Riintegrazzjoni
- NL: reïntegratie
- NO: reintegrering
- PL: reintegracja
- PT: reintegração
- RO: reintegrare
- SE: återintegrering
- SK: reintegrácia
- SL: reintegracija / ponovna integracija
Re-inclusion or re-incorporation of a person into a group or a process, e.g. of a migrant into the society of their country of return.
- BG: регионална програма за закрила
- CZ: program regionální ochrany
- DE: Regionales Schutzprogramm
- EE: piirkondlik kaitsekava
- EN: regional protection programme
- ES: programa regional de protección
- FI: alueellinen suojeluohjelma
- FR: programme régional de protection
- GA: Clár Cosanta Réigiúnaí
- HU: Regionális Védelmi Program
- IT: programma di protezione regionale
- LT: regioninė apsaugos programa
- LV: reģionālās aizsardzības programma
- MT: Programm ta’ protezzjoni reġjonali
- NL: regionaal beschermingsprogramma
- NO: regionalt program om beskyttelse (b) regionalt program om vern (n)
- PL: program ochrony regionalnej
- PT: Programa regional de protecção
- RO: program de protecţie regională
- SE: regionalt skyddsprogram
- SK: regionálny program ochrany
- SL: regionalni program zaščite
A programme designed to enhance the capacity of non-EU countries in the regions from which many refugees originate, or through which they pass in transit, with the aim to improve refugee protection through durable solutions (return, local integration and resettlement in a third country).
2. For further information, see the website of DG Migration and Home Affairs.
- BG: Национални точки за контакт по интеграция
- CZ: národní kontaktní body na integraci
- DE: Nationale Kontaktstellen für Integration
- EE: integratsiooni riiklikud kontaktpunktid
- EN: National Contact Points on Integration
- ES: puntos de contacto nacional de integración
- FI: kotouttamisasioiden kansalliset yhteyspisteet
- FR: Points de contact nationaux en matière d’intégration
- GA: Pointí Teagmhála Náisiúnta le haghaidh Imeascadh
- GR: Εθνικά Σημεία Επαφής για την Ένταξη
- HU: nemzeti integrációs kapcsolattartó pontok
- IT: Punti di contatto nazionali sull’integrazione
- LT: nacionaliniai integracijos informacijos centrai
- LV: nacionālie integrācijas kontaktpunkti
- MT: Punti ta’ Kuntatt Nazzjonali fuq l-Integrazzjoni
- NL: nationale contactpunten voor integratie
- NO: nasjonale kontaktpunkter på integreringsfeltet (b) / nasjonale kontaktpunkt på integreringsfeltet (n)
- PL: Krajowe punkty kontaktowe ds. Integracji
- PT: Pontos de Contacto Nacionais de Integração
- RO: punctele naţionale de contact pentru integrare
- SE: nationella kontaktpunkter på integrationsområdet
- SK: národné kontaktné body pre integráciu
- SL: Nacionalne kontaktne točke za integracijo
A network of authorities responsible for integration issues which serves to facilitate exchange of information and good practice at EU level with the purpose of finding successful solutions for integration of immigrants in all EU Member States and to ensure policy coordination and coherence at national level and with EU initiatives.
2. The National Contact Points on Integration consider inter alia employment, education, language, health, housing, culture and participation. The network’s long-term objective is to develop and reinforce the European framework for integration, in order to define basic common principles and objectives, to determine assessment measures, and to reinforce the coordination of national and European integration policies.
3. One output which the National Contact Points on Integration are very much involved in are the Handbooks on Integration. For more information, see the European website on Integration.
- BG: малцинство
- CZ: menšina
- DE: Minderheit
- EE: vähemus
- EN: minority
- ES: minoría
- FI: vähemmistö
- FR: minorité
- GA: mionlach
- HU: kissebbség
- IT: minoranza
- LT: mažuma
- LV: minoritāte
- MT: Minoranza / F’minoranza
- NL: minderheid
- NO: minoritet
- PL: mniejszość
- PT: Minoria
- RO: minoritate
- SE: minoritet
- SK: menšina
- SL: manjšina
A non-dominant group which is usually numerically less than the majority population of a State or region regarding their ethnic, religious or linguistic characteristics and who (if only implicitly) maintain solidarity with their own culture, traditions, religion or language.
2. This definition has been added because of its relevance to international protection and integration-related aspects.
- BG: Евро-средиземноморско партньорство
- CZ: Evropsko-středomořské partnerství
- DE: Europa-Mittelmeer-Partnerschaft / Euro‑mediterrane Partnerschaft
- EE: Euroopa-Vahemere partnerlus
- EN: Euro-Mediterranean Partnership
- ES: Asociación Euromediterránea
- FI: Euro–Välimeri-kumppanuus
- FR: Union pour la Méditerranée
- GA: an Chomhpháirtíocht Eora-Mheánmhara
- HU: Euro-mediterrán Partnerség
- IT: Partenariato euromediterraneo
- LT: Europos ir Viduržemio jūros regiono valstybių partnerystė
- LV: Eiropas un Vidusjūras reģiona valstu partnerība
- MT: Sħubija Ewro-Mediterranja
- NL: Euro-mediterraan partnerschap (EUROMED)
- NO: Euro-Mediterranean Partnership
- PL: Partnerstwo Eurośródziemnomorskie
- RO: Parteneriatul Euro-Mediteraneean
- SE: Partnerskapet Europa-Medelhavet
- SK: Euro-stredomorské partnerstvo
- SL: Evro - Sredozemsko partnerstvo
A Union of the EU Member States and 16 Southern Mediterranean countries built on cooperation agreements that aims to promote economic integration and democratic reform across the EU’s neighbours to the south in North Africa and the Middle East.
2. For more information, see the webpage of the Euro-Med Partnership on the website of the European Union’s External Action Services.
- BG: интеграция
- CZ: integrace
- DE: Integration
- EE: lõimumine
- EN: integration
- ES: integración
- FI: kotouttaminen / kotoutuminen
- FR: intégration
- GA: imeascadh
- GR: ένταξη
- HU: integráció
- IT: integrazione
- LT: integracija
- LV: integrācija
- MT: Integrazzjoni
- NL: integratie
- NO: integrering
- PL: integracja
- PT: integração
- RO: integrare
- SE: integration
- SK: integrácia
- SL: integracija / vključevanje
In the EU context, a dynamic, two-way process of mutual accommodation by all immigrants and residents of EU Member States.
1. Art. 79(4) of the TFEU gives the legal base for Union activities on integration. The promotion of fundamental rights, non-discrimination and equal opportunities for all are key integration issues.
2. At EU level, integration policy is developed within the framework of Common Basic Principles – CBP (of which the broad definition above is the first one).
3. For more information, see European Website on Integration.