Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: отблъскващ фактор
- CZ: push faktor
- DE: Push-Faktor
- EE: tõukefaktor
- EN: push factor
- ES: factor de expulsión
- FI: työntötekijä
- FR: facteur de répulsion
- GA: toisc bhrú
- GR: αιτία / παράγοντας απώθησης
- HU: taszító tényező / push faktor
- IT: fattore di spinta
- LT: stūmimo veiksnys
- LV: atgrūšanas faktors
- MT: Fattur ta’ ripulsjoni / ta’ tbarrija
- NL: push factor
- NO: skyvfaktor (b) / skuvfaktor (n)
- PL: czynik wypychający
- PT: factor de afastamento / push factor
- RO: „push factor”
- SE: push-faktor
- SK: nútiaci faktor / „push“ faktor
- SL: dejavnik spodbujanja
The condition(s) or circumstance(s) in a country of origin that impel or stimulate emigration.
As recognised by the project European Reintegration Networking, this can be for a specific or a variety of reasons, e.g. declining economic opportunities or political instability may stimulate emigration.
- BG: фактори на привличане и отблъскване
- CZ: push-pull faktor
- DE: Push-Pull-Faktor
- EE: tõuke-tõmbefaktor
- EN: push-pull factor
- ES: factores de expulsión / atracción
- FI: työntö- ja vetotekijä
- FR: facteur d’attraction-répulsion
- GA: toisc bhrú is tarraingthe
- GR: αιτία / παράγοντας ταυτόχρονης απώθησης - προσέλευσης
- HU: taszító-vonzó tényező / push-pull factor
- IT: fattore di spinta-attrazione
- LT: stūmimo ir traukos veiksnys
- LV: atgrūšanas-pievilkšanas faktors / motivētājfaktors
- MT: Fattur ta’ ripulsjoni-attrazzjoni / ta’ ġibda-tbarrija
- NL: push-pull factor
- NO: skyv-trekk-faktor (b) / skuv-trekk-faktor (n)
- PL: czynnik wypychający i przyciągający
- PT: factor de afastamento / factor de atracção
- RO: „push-pull factor”
- SE: push-pull faktor
- SK: motivačný faktor / „push-pull“ faktor
- SL: dejavnik spodbujanja in privabljanja
Factors which initiate and influence the decision to migrate, either by attracting them to another country (pull factors) or by impelling or stimulating emigration (push factors).
Developed by EMN
- BG: разхищение на мозъци
- CZ: plýtvání mozky
- DE: Brain Waste
- EE: oskustööjõu alarakendatus
- EN: brain waste
- ES: subempleo
- FI: aivotuhlaus
- FR: gaspillage des cerveaux
- GA: cur amú éirime
- GR: διαρροή εγκεφάλων
- HU: képességek elpazarlása
- IT: spreco di cervelli
- LT: protų švaistymas
- LV: intelektuālā potenciāla izšķērdēšana
- MT: Ħela ta’ mħuħ / ta’ nies bi kwalifiki għoljin
- NL: brain waste
- NO: kunnskapssløsing
- PL: marnotrawstwo mózgów
- PT: brain waste
- RO: „brain waste”
- SE: dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra
- SK: plytvanie mozgami (EU acquis) / mrhanie mozgami
- SL: „izguba možganov“
The loss suffered by a country as a result of the emigration of a (highly) qualified person.
- BG: изтичане на мозъци
- CZ: odliv mozků
- DE: Brain Drain
- EE: oskustööjõu äravool
- EN: brain drain
- ES: fuga de cerebros
- FI: aivovuoto / aivovienti
- FR: fuite des cerveaux
- GA: imirce daoine oilte
- GR: απορρόφηση εγκεφάλων (είναι μεταφορικό)
- HU: agyelszívás / brain drain
- IT: fuga di cervelli
- LT: protų nutekėjimas
- LV: kvalificēta darbaspēka aizplūšana
- MT: Telf / Tnixxija ta’ mħuħ // ta’ nies bi kwalifiki għoljin
- NL: brain drain
- NO: kunnskapsflukt / ekspertflukt
- PL: drenaż mózgów
- PT: fuga de cérebros / brain drain
- RO: exodul creierelor / „brain drain”
- SE: dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra
- SK: únik mozgov (EU acquis) / odliv mozgov
- SL: „beg možganov“
The loss suffered by a country as a result of the emigration of a (highly) qualified person.
- BG: нетна миграция
- CZ: saldo migrace
- DE: Nettomigration
- EE: rändesaldo
- EN: net migration
- ES: saldo migratorio
- FI: nettomaahanmuutto
- FR: solde migratoire
- GA: imirce ghlan
- GR: δίκτυο μετανάστευσης
- HU: nettó migráció
- IT: migrazione netta (o saldo migratorio)
- LT: migracijos saldas
- LV: migrācijas saldo
- MT: Migrazzjoni netta
- NL: migratiesaldo (syn.: netto migratie)
- NO: netto migrasjon
- PL: migracja netto
- PT: saldo migratório
- RO: migraţia netă
- SE: nettomigration
- SK: migračné saldo / čistá migrácia
- SL: neto migracija
The difference between immigration into and emigration from a given area during the year.
2. Since many countries either do not have accurate figures on immigration and emigration or have no figures at all, net migration is frequently estimated as the difference between total population change and natural increase between two dates (in Eurostat’s database it is then called corrected net migration). The statistics on net migration are therefore affected by any statistical inaccuracies in any of the components used for their derivation.
- BG: общ коефициент на нетна миграция
- CZ: hrubá míra migračního salda
- DE: rohe Netto-Migrationsrate
- EE: rändesaldo määr
- EN: crude rate of net migration
- ES: tasa neta de migración
- FI: nettomaahanmuutto tuhatta henkeä kohden
- FR: taux brut de solde migratoire
- GA: garbhráta glanimirce
- GR: το ποσοστό της καθαρής μετανάστευσης
- HU: nemzetközi migráció nettó különbözete
- IT: tasso grezzo di migrazione netta (o saldo migratorio)
- LT: migracijos saldo koeficientas
- LV: migrācijas saldo vispārīgais koeficients
- MT: Rata bejn wieħed u ieħor ta’ migrazzjoni netta // Rata netta ta’ migrazzjoni
- NL: bruto cijfer migratiesaldo
- NO: summarisk nettomigrasjonsrate
- PL: współczynnik salda migracji
- PT: taxa bruta do saldo migratório
- RO: ata brută de migraţie
- SE: flyttningsnetto
- SK: hrubá miera čistej migrácie / hrubá miera migračného salda
- SL: splošna stopnja neto migracije
The ratio of net migration plus adjustment during the year to the average population in that year.
The value is expressed per 1,000 inhabitants. The crude rate of net migration is equal to the difference between the crude rate of increase and the crude rate of natural increase (that is, net migration is considered as the part of population change not attributable to births and deaths). It is calculated in this way because immigration or emigration flows are either unknown or the figures are not sufficiently precise.
- BG: общ размер на миграцията
- CZ: celková migrace
- DE: Wanderungsvolumen
- EE: rände koguarv
- EN: total migration
- ES: migración total
- FI: kokonaismuutto
- FR: volume migratoire
- GA: imirce iomlán
- GR: καθολική μετανάστευση
- HU: teljes migráció
- IT: migrazione totale
- LT: bendrasis migracijos rodiklis
- LV: migrācijas apjoms / bruto migrācija
- MT: Migrazzjoni totali
- NL: totale migratie
- NO: samlet migrasjon (b) / samla migrasjon (n)
- PL: migracja (brutto)
- PT: migração bruta
- RO: migraţie totală
- SE: bruttomigration
- SK: celková migrácia
- SL: sum migracija / skupna migracija
The sum of the immigrations and emigrations which yields the total volume of migration.
- BG: Евростат
- CZ: Eurostat
- DE: Eurostat
- EE: Eurostat
- EN: Eurostat
- ES: Eurostat
- FI: Eurostat
- FR: Eurostat
- GA: Eurostat
- GR: Ευρωπαϊκή Στατιστική Υπηρεσία
- HU: Eurostat
- IT: Eurostat
- LT: Eurostatas
- LV: Eurostat
- MT: Eurostat
- NL: Eurostat
- NO: Eurostat
- PL: Eurostat
- PT: Eurostat
- RO: Eurostat
- SE: Eurostat
- SK: Eurostat
- SL: Eurostat
The Statistical Office of the European Union within the European Commission.
2. Its task is to provide the European Union with statistics at European level that enable comparisons between countries and regions.
3. The EMN cooperates with Eurostat by harmonising statistics from the European Statistical System (ESS) to a single methodology, making the statistics comparable.
4. Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) establishes common rules for the collection and compilation of Community statistics (for submission to Eurostat) on:
(a) immigration and emigration flows;
(b) citizenship and country of birth of persons usually resident in the territory of the EU Member States;
c) administrative and judicial procedures and processes in the EU Member States relating to immigration, granting of permission to reside, citizenship, asylum and other forms of international protection and prevention of irregular migration.
5. For more information, see the website of Eurostat.
- BG: емиграция
- CZ: vystěhovalectví; emigrace
- DE: Abwanderung / Auswanderung / Emigration
- EE: väljaränne
- EN: emigration
- ES: emigración
- FI: maastamuutto
- FR: émigration
- GA: eisimirce
- GR: αποδημία/ μετανάστευση
- HU: emigráció/ kivándorlás
- IT: emigrazione
- LT: emigracija
- LV: emigrācija
- MT: Emigrazzjoni
- NL: emigratie
- NO: utvandring
- PL: emigracja
- PT: emigração
- RO: emigraţie
- SE: utvandring
- SK: vysťahovalectvo (national law) / emigrácia
- SL: izselitev /emigracija
In the EU context, the action by which a person, having previously been usually resident in the territory of an EU Member State, ceases to have their usual residence in that EU Member State or another EU Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months.