Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: дете
- CZ: dítě
- DE: Kind
- EE: laps
- EN: child
- ES: población infantil
- FI: lapsi
- FR: enfant
- GA: leanbh
- GR: παιδί
- HU: gyermek
- IT: bambino
- LT: vaikas
- LV: bērns
- MT: Tifel (Tifla) / Wild
- NL: kind
- NO: barn
- PL: dziecko
- PT: criança
- RO: copil
- SE: barn
- SK: dieťa
- SL: otrok
Every human being below the age of 18 years, unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier or later.
2. The term should be used to describe the relationship with other family members. When referring to an individual and in a more legal context, the term minor should be used.
- BG: създаване на семейство
- CZ: sloučení rodiny
- DE: Familienangehöriger
- EE: pere loomise eesmärgil riiki sisenemine (dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra)
- EN: family member
- ES: Miembro de la familia
- FI: perheenmuodostaminen
- FR: membre de la famille
- GA: foirmiú teaghlaigh
- GR: μέλος οικογένειας
- HU: családalapítás
- IT: componente familiare
- LT: šeimos narys
- LV: ģimenes apvienošana / ģimenes atkalapvienošana
- MT: Membru tal-familja
- NL: gezinslid
- NO: familiedannelse (b) / familiedanning (n)
- PL: założenie rodziny
- PT: membros da familia
- RO: membru de familie
- SE: familjebildning
- SK: založenie rodiny
- SL: ustanovitev družine
In the context of the Family Reunification Directive (Directive 2003/86(EC), a third-country national, as specified in Art. 4 of this Directive (normally members of the nuclear family – i.e. the spouse and the minor children), who has entered the territory of the European Union for the purpose of family reunification.
In the context of the Free Movement Directive (Directive 2004/38 EC):
(a) the spouse;
(b) the partner with whom the union citizen has contracted a registered partnership, on the basis of the legislation of a EU Member State, if the legislation of the host Member State treats registered partnerships as equivalent to marriage and in accordance with the conditions laid down in the relevant legislation of the host Member State;
(c) the direct descendants who are under the age of 21 or are dependants and those of the spouse or partner as defined in point (b);
(d) the dependent direct relatives in the ascending line and those of the spouse or partner as defined in point (b).
In the context of asylum , and in particular Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation), this means insofar as the family already existed in the country of origin, the following members of the applicant’s family who are present on the territory of the EU Member States:
a) the spouse of the applicant or their unmarried partner in a stable relationship, where the law or practice of the EU Member State concerned treats unmarried couples in a way comparable to married couples under its law relating to third-country nationals;
b) the minor children of couples referred to in the first indent or of the applicant, on condition that they are unmarried and regardless of whether they were born in or out of wedlock or adopted as defined under national law;
c) when the applicant is a minor and unmarried, the father, mother or another adult responsible for the applicant, whether by law or by the practice of the Member State where the adult is present;
d) when the beneficiary of international protection is a minor and unmarried, the father, mother or another adult responsible for them whether by law or by the practice of the Member State where the beneficiary is present.
Family reunification: Recital 9 and Art. 4 of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive)
Free movement Art. 2(2) of Directive 2004/38/EC (Free Movement Directive)
- BG: семейно ядро
- CZ: jádro rodiny
- DE: Kernfamilie
- EE: tuumikperekond
- EN: nuclear family
- ES: familia nuclear
- FI: ydinperhe
- FR: famille nucléaire
- GA: teaghlach núicléach
- GR: πυρήνας Οικογένειας
- HU: nukleáris család
- IT: famiglia nucleare
- LT: šeimos branduolys
- LV: nukleārā ģimene
- MT: Familja nukleari
- NL: kerngezin
- NO: kjernefamilie
- PL: rodzina nuklearna
- PT: núcleo familiar
- RO: familie nucleară
- SE: kärnfamilj
- SK: užšia rodina
- SL: osnovna družina
The spouse and the minor children of a family.
This definition refers specifically to the context of family reunification only.
- BG: уязвимо лице
- CZ: zranitelná osoba
- DE: schutzbedürftige Person
- EE: haavatav isik
- EN: vulnerable person
- ES: persona vulnerable
- FI: haavoittuvassa asemassa oleva henkilö
- FR: personne vulnérable
- GA: duine soghonta
- GR: ευάλωτο άτομο
- HU: sérülékeny (csoporthoz tartozó) személy
- IT: persona vulnerabile
- LT: pažeidžiamas asmuo
- LV: mazāk aizsargāta persona
- MT: Persuna vulnerabbli
- NL: kwetsbaar persoon
- NO: sårbar person
- PL: osoba szczególnej troski
- PT: pessoa vulnerável
- RO: persoană vulnerabilă
- SE: utsatt person
- SK: zraniteľná osoba
- SL: ranljiva oseba
Minors, unaccompanied minors, disabled people, elderly people, pregnant women, single parents with minor children, victims of trafficking in human beings, persons with serious illnesses, persons with mental disorders and persons who have been subjected to torture, rape or other serious forms of psychological, physical or sexual violence, such as victims of female genital mutilation.
2. Some directives use narrower definitions such as in its Art. 3(9) Directive 2008/115/EG (Return Directive).
- BG: непълнолетно лице
- CZ: nezletilý
- DE: Minderjähriger
- EE: alaealine
- EN: minor
- ES: menor
- FI: alaikäinen
- FR: mineur
- GA: mionaoiseach
- GR: ανήλικος
- HU: kiskorú
- IT: minorenne
- LT: nepilnametis
- LV: nepilngadīgais
- MT: Minorenni
- NL: minderjarige
- NO: mindreårig
- PL: małoletni
- PT: menor
- RO: minor
- SE: underårig
- SK: maloletý
- SL: mladoletnik
In a legal context and in contrast to a child, a person who, according to the law of their respective country, is under the age of majority, i.e. is not yet entitled to exercise specific civil and political rights.
2. The age specified by law, called the ‘legal age of majority’, indicates that a person acquires full legal capacity to be bound by various documents, such as contracts and deeds, that they make with others and to commit other legal acts such as voting in elections and entering marriage. The age at which a person becomes an adult varies from State to State and often varies within a State, depending upon the nature of the action taken by the person.
- BG: непридружен непълнолетен
- CZ: nezletilý bez doprovodu
- DE: unbegleiteter Minderjähriger
- EE: saatjata alaealine
- EN: unaccompanied minor
- ES: menor no acompañado (MENA)
- FI: ilman huoltajaa oleva alaikäinen, yksin tullut alaikäinen
- FR: mineur isolé étranger
- GA: mionaoiseach neamhthionlactha
- GR: ασυνόδευτος ανήλικος
- HU: kísérő nélküli kiskorú
- IT: minore non accompagnato
- LT: nelydimas nepilnametis
- LV: nepilngadīgais bez pavadības
- MT: Minorenni mhux akkumpanjat
- NL: alleenstaande minderjarige vreemdeling
- NO: enslig mindreårig (b) / einsleg mindreårig (n)
- PL: małoletni bez opieki
- PT: menor desacompanhado
- RO: minor neînsoţit
- SE: ensamkommande barn
- SK: maloletý bez sprievodu
- SL: mladoletnik brez spremstva
A minor who arrives on the territory of an EU Member unaccompanied by the adult responsible for them by law or by the practice of the EU Member State concerned, and for as long as they are not effectively taken into the care of such a person; or who is left unaccompanied after they have entered the territory of the EU Member State.
2. In some (EU Member) States, statistics include all those who claim they are unaccompanied minors (i.e. before an age assessment has confirmed this), whereas other (Member) States only count those recognised as such by a competent authority (i.e. following an age assessment).
3. For further information, see EMN: Policies on Reception, Return and Integration Arrangements for, and numbers of, Unaccompanied Minors – an EU comparative study, 2009. An update of this 2009 study was published in 2015 entitled ‘Policies, practices and data on unaccompanied minors in EU Member States and Norway'.
- BG: невярна декларация за родителство
- CZ: falešné prohlášení rodičovství
- DE: falsche Erklärung der Elternschaft / falsche Elternschaftsangabe
- EE: põlvnemise kohta valeandmete esitamine
- EN: false declaration of parenthood
- ES: declaraciÓn falsa de paternidad / maternidad
- FI: valheellinen vanhemmuuden ilmoittaminen
- FR: fausse déclaration de parentalité
- GA: bréagdhearbhú tuismíochta
- HU: hamis szülői nyilatkozat
- IT: falsa dichiarazione di filiazione
- LT: melagingas tėvystės pripažinimas
- LV: vecāku statusa viltus reģistrēšana
- MT: Dikjarazzjoni falza ta’ maternità u / jew paternità
- NL: valse ouderschapsverklaring
- NO: falsk vedgåelse av foreldreskap (b) / falsk vedgåing av foreldreskap (n)
- PL: fałszywe oświadczenie o uznaniu rodzicielstwa
- PT: falsas declarações parentesco
- RO: declaraţie de paternitate falsă
- SE: osant intygande om föräldraskap
- SK: falošné prehlásenie rodičovstva
- SL: lažna izjava o starševstvu
- BG: представител
- CZ: zástupce
- DE: Vertreter (EU acquis) / Stellvertreter (DE)
- EE: esindaja
- EN: representative
- ES: representante legal
- FI: edustaja
- FR: représentant
- GA: ionadaí
- GR: εκπρόσωπος
- HU: ügygondnok
- IT: rappresentante
- LT: atstovas
- LV: pārstāvis
- MT: Rappreżentant legali // Kuratur legali
- NL: vertegenwoordiger
- NO: verge
- PL: przedstawiciel
- PT: representante legal
- RO: reprezentant legal
- SE: företrädare
- SK: zástupca
- SL: predstavnik / zastopnik
A person or an organisation appointed by the competent bodies in order to assist and represent an unaccompanied minor in procedures provided for in Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) with a view to ensuring the best interests of the child and exercising legal capacity for the minor where necessary.
Where an organisation is appointed as a representative, it shall designate a person responsible for carrying out the duties of representative in respect of the unaccompanied minor.
- BG: Стокхолмска програма
- CZ: počet cizinců - stav k
- DE: Stockholmer Programm
- EE: Stockholmi programm
- EN: Stockholm Programme
- FI: Tukholman ohjelma
- FR: Programme de Stockholm
- GA: Clár Stócólm
- HU: Stockholmi Program
- IT: Programma di Stoccolma
- LT: Stokholmo programa
- LV: Stokholmas programma
- MT: Rendikont tal-barranin
- NL: Programma van Stockholm
- NO: Stockholm-programmet
- PL: Program Sztokholmski
- SE: Stockholmsprogrammet
- SK: Štokholmský program
- SL: Stockholmski program
A five-year political, strategic document describing the focus of cooperation in the policy areas of justice and home affairs of the EU Member States for the years 2010 to 2014.
2. The Programme contains guidelines for common politics on the topics of protection of fundamental rights, privacy, minority rights and the rights of groups of people in need of special protection, as well as citizenship of the European Union. The programme also outlines plans for measures in the area of border-crossing data exchange between State authorities and surveillance of the Internet. The Programme’s work programme also attaches great importance to how the EU should work to guarantee respect for fundamental freedoms and privacy, while guaranteeing security in Europe. Chapter 5 specifically outlines the priorities in migration and asylum matters ( based on the principles and objectives of the Pact on Immigration and Asylum). It underlines that solidarity is an important objective of a common immigration and asylum policy and that the EU should provide support to EU Member States most exposed to migratory pressures.
3. For more information, see the Communication on an area of freedom, security and justice serving the citizen (Stockholm Programme).
- BG: малцинство
- CZ: menšina
- DE: Minderheit
- EE: vähemus
- EN: minority
- ES: minoría
- FI: vähemmistö
- FR: minorité
- GA: mionlach
- HU: kissebbség
- IT: minoranza
- LT: mažuma
- LV: minoritāte
- MT: Minoranza / F’minoranza
- NL: minderheid
- NO: minoritet
- PL: mniejszość
- PT: Minoria
- RO: minoritate
- SE: minoritet
- SK: menšina
- SL: manjšina
A non-dominant group which is usually numerically less than the majority population of a State or region regarding their ethnic, religious or linguistic characteristics and who (if only implicitly) maintain solidarity with their own culture, traditions, religion or language.
2. This definition has been added because of its relevance to international protection and integration-related aspects.
- BG: хуманитарен статут
- CZ: humanitární ochrana
- DE: humanitärer Schutz
- EE: humanitaarkaitse
- EN: humanitarian protection
- ES: protección humanitaria
- FI: humanitaarinen suojelu
- FR: protection humanitaire
- GA: cosaint dhaonnúil
- GR: προστασία για ανθρωπιστικούς λόγους
- HU: humanitárius védelem
- IT: protezione umanitaria
- LT: humanitarinė (papildoma) apsauga
- LV: humānā aizsardzība
- MT: Protezzjoni umanitarja
- NL: bescherming op humanitaire gronden
- NO: beskyttelse på humanitært grunnlag (b) / vern på humanitært grunnlag (n)
- PL: ochrona o charakterze humanitarnym
- PT: protecção humanitária
- RO: protecţie umanitară
- SE: humanitärt skydd
- SK: humanitárna ochrana
- SL: humanitarna zaščita
A form of non-EU harmonised protection nowadays normally replaced by subsidiary protection, except in some EU Member States.
2. IE has also opted-into the Qualification Directive, and uses the term ‘leave to remain’.
3. In DE, FI and IT, humanitarian protection and subsidiary protection are different concepts. In DE and IT, humanitarian protection is the reception and residence of refugees under international law or on humanitarian or political (DE only) grounds, and in FI, humanitarian protection is granted to foreign nationals who cannot return to their country of origin or country of former habitual residence as a result of an environmental catastrophe or a bad security situation, which may be due to an international or internal armed conflict or a poor human rights situation.
4. In EE, LV, this term is not used.
5. AT and ES use a similar expression, namely ‘residence permit on humanitarian grounds’.
6. In BG, humanitarian protection encompasses subsidiary protection as well as protection granted for other humanitarian reasons (see Art. 9, SG No 52 of 2007).
7. In NO, a residence permit may be granted, even if the other conditions laid down in the Act are not satisfied, provided there are strong humanitarian considerations or the foreign national has a particular connection with the realm. To determine whether there are strong humanitarian considerations, an overall assessment shall be made of the case. Importance may be attached, inter alia, to whether the foreign national is an unaccompanied minor who would be without proper care if they were returned; the foreign national needs to stay in the realm due to compelling health circumstances; there are social or humanitarian circumstances relating to the return situation that give grounds for granting a residence permit; the foreign national has been a victim of human trafficking. (For further information, see Immigration Act of May 2008, Chaper 5, Section 38).
- BG: оценка на възрастта
- CZ: určení věku
- DE: Altersfeststellung
- EE: vanuse määramine
- EN: age assessment
- ES: determinación de la edad
- FI: iän määrittäminen / iän selvittäminen
- FR: détermination de l’âge
- GA: measúnú aoise
- GR: ektímisis tis ilikías
- HU: kormeghatározás
- IT: accertamento dell’età
- LT: amžiaus nustatymas
- LV: vecuma noteikšana
- MT: Valutazzjoni / Stima tal-età
- NL: leeftijdsonderzoek
- NO: aldersvurdering
- PL: ustalenie / ocena wieku
- RO: evaluarea varstei
- SE: åldersbedömning
- SK: posúdenie veku
- SL: ocenjevanje starosti
Process by which authorities seek to establish the chronological age, or range of age, of a person in order to determine whether an individual is a child or not.
2. According to UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 6, the identification of a child as an unaccompanied and separated child (UASC) includes age assessment, which should take into account physical appearance, but also psychological maturity. The assessment must be conducted in a scientific, safe, child and gender-sensitive and fair manner, avoiding any risk of violation of the physical integrity of the child, giving due respect to human dignity.
3. Age assessment can include a variety of processes or procedures either undertaken singularly or in combination, such as: analysis of documentary evidence, interview, X-ray, physical or other form of medical examination.
- BG: асимилация
- CZ: asimilace
- DE: Assimilation
- EE: assimileeruma
- EN: assimilation
- ES: asimilación
- FI: assimilaatio
- FR: assimilation
- GA: asamhlú
- GR: αφομοίωση
- HU: asszimiláció
- IT: assimilazione
- LT: asimiliacija
- LV: asimilācija
- MT: Assimilazzjoni
- NL: assimilatie
- NO: assimilering
- PL: asymilacja
- PT: assimilação
- RO: asimilare
- SE: assimilering
- SK: asimilácia
- SL: asimilacija