Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: право на запазването на целостта на семейството
- CZ: právo na zachování celistvosti rodiny
- DE: Recht auf Familieneinheit / Recht auf Wahrung des Familienverbandes
- EE: õigus perekonna ühtsusele
- EN: right to family unity
- ES: derecho a la unidad de la familia
- FI: oikeus perheen yhtenäisyyteen
- GA: ceart chun aontacht teaghlaigh
- GR: δικαίωμα στην οικογενειακή ενότητα
- HU: család egységéhez való jog
- IT: diritto all’unità familiare
- LT: teisė į šeimos vientisumą
- LV: tiesības uz ģimenes vienotību
- MT: Dritt għall-għaqda / għall-unità tal-familja
- NL: recht op instandhouding van het (kern-)gezin (syn.: recht op eenheid van het gezin)
- NO: rett til familiens enhet (b) / rett til familieeining (n)
- PL: prawo do jedności rodziny
- PT: direito à unidade familiar
- RO: dreptul la unitatea familiei
- SE: rätt till familjesammanhållning
- SK: právo na jednotu rodiny
- SL: pravica do enotnosti družine
In the context of a refugee, a right provisioned in Art. 23 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and in Art. 12 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) obliging EU Member States to ensure that family unity can be maintained.
There is a distinction between the right to family unity and the right to family life. The right to family unity relates more to the purpose and procedural aspects of entry and stay for the purpose of reuniting a family, in order to meet the fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.
- BG: право на семеен живот
- CZ: právo na rodinný život
- DE: Recht auf Familienleben
- EE: õigus pere(konna)elule
- EN: right to family life
- ES: derecho a la vida en familia
- FI: oikeus perhe-elämään
- FR: droit à la vie familiale
- GA: ceart chun saol teaghlaigh
- GR: δικαιωμα στην οικογενειακή ζωή
- HU: családi élethez való jog
- IT: diritto alla vita familiare
- LT: teisė į šeimos gyvenimą
- LV: tiesības uz ģimenes dzīvi
- MT: Dritt għal ħajja f’familja
- NL: recht op eerbiediging van familie- en gezinsleven (syn.: recht op familie- en gezinsleven)
- NO: rett til familieliv
- PL: prawo do życia rodzinnego
- PT: direito à unidade familiar
- RO: dreptul la viaţă de familie
- SE: rätt till familjeliv
- SK: právo na rodinný život
- SL: pravica do družinskega življenja
A right enshrined in Arts. 7, 9 and 33 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and Art. 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR).
There is a distinction between the right to family life and the right to family unity. The right to family life is a fundamental right enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The right to family unity relates more to the purpose and procedural aspects of entry and stay for the purpose of reuniting a family.
- BG: мигрант по принуда
- CZ: nucený migrant
- DE: Zwangsmigrant
- EE: sundsisserändaja (dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra)
- EN: forced migrant
- ES: migrante forzoso
- FI: pakkomuuttaja
- FR: migrant forcé
- GA: imirceach éigeantais
- GR: εξαναγκαστική μετανάστευση
- HU: kényszerű migráns
- IT: migrante forzato
- LT: priverstinis migrantas
- LV: piespiedu migrants
- MT: Migrant(a) kostrett(a) / sfurzat(a)
- NL: gedwongen migrant
- NO: tvungen migrant
- PL: migrant przymusowy
- PT: migrante forçado
- RO: migrant forţat
- SE: tvångsmigrant
- SK: nútený migrant
- SL: prisilni migrant
A person subject to a migratory movement in which an element of coercion exists, including threats to life and livelihood, whether arising from natural or man-made causes (e.g. movements of refugees and internally displaced persons as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine or development projects).
- BG: принудителна миграция
- CZ: nucená migrace
- DE: erzwungene Migration / Zwangsmigration
- EE: sundränne
- EN: forced migration
- ES: migración forzosa
- FI: pakkomuutto
- FR: migration forcée
- GA: imirce éigeantais
- GR: αναγκαστική μετανάστευση
- HU: kényszerű migráció
- IT: migrazione forzata
- LT: priverstinė migracija
- LV: piespiedu migrācija
- MT: Migrazzjoni kostretta / sfurzata
- NL: gedwongen migratie
- NO: tvangsmigrasjon
- PL: migracja przymusowa
- PT: migração forçada
- RO: migraţie forţată
- SE: tvångsmigration
- SK: nútená migrácia
- SL: prisilna migracija
A migratory movement in which an element of coercion exists, including threats to life and livelihood, whether arising from natural or man-made causes (e.g. movements of refugees and internally displaced persons as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine or development projects).
- BG: култура
- CZ: kultura
- DE: Kultur
- EE: kultuur
- EN: culture
- ES: cultura
- FI: kulttuuri
- FR: culture
- GA: cultúr
- GR: πολιτισμός; κουλτούρα
- HU: kultúra
- IT: cultura
- LT: kultūra
- LV: kultūra
- MT: Kultura
- NL: cultuur
- NO: kultur
- PL: kultura
- PT: cultura
- RO: cultura
- SE: kultur
- SK: kultúra
- SL: kultura
The set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of a society or a social group encompassing, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs.
- BG: тежки посегателства
- CZ: vážná újma
- DE: ernsthafter Schaden
- EE: tõsine oht / kahju
- EN: serious harm
- ES: daños graves
- FI: vakava haitta
- FR: atteinte grave
- GA: díobháil thromchúiseach
- HU: súlyos veszély
- IT: danno grave
- LT: didelė žala
- LV: smags kaitējums
- MT: Dannu(-i) serju(-i)
- NL: ernstige schade
- NO: alvorlig skade (b) / alvorleg skade (n)
- PL: poważna krzywda
- PT: ofensas graves
- RO: vătămare gravă
- SE: allvarlig skada
- SK: vážne bezprávie
- SL: resna škoda
- BG: закрила
- CZ: ochrana
- DE: Schutz
- EE: kaitse
- EN: protection
- ES: protección
- FI: suojelu
- FR: protection
- GA: cosaint
- GR: προστασία
- HU: védelem
- IT: protezione
- LT: apsauga
- LV: aizsardzība
- MT: Protezzjoni / Ħarsien
- NL: bescherming
- NO: beskyttelse (b) / vern (n)
- PL: ochrona
- PT: protecção
- RO: protecţie
- SE: skydd
- SK: ochrana
- SL: zaščita
A concept that encompasses all activities aimed at obtaining full respect for the rights of the individual in accordance with the letter and spirit of human rights, refugee and international humanitarian law.
Protection involves creating an environment conducive to respect for human beings, preventing and / or alleviating the immediate effects of a specific pattern of abuse, and restoring dignified conditions of life through reparation, restitution and rehabilitation.
- BG: расова дискриминация
- CZ: rasová diskriminace
- DE: rassistische Diskriminierung / Rassendiskriminierung
- EE: rassiline diskrimineerimine
- EN: racial discrimination
- ES: discriminación racial
- FI: rotusyrjintä
- FR: discrimination raciale
- GA: idirdhealú ciníoch
- GR: φυλετική διάκριση
- HU: faji diszkrimináció
- IT: discriminazione razziale
- LT: rasinė diskriminacija
- LV: rasu diskriminācija
- MT: Diskriminazzjoni razzjali
- NL: rassendiscriminatie
- NO: rasediskriminering
- PL: dyskryminacja rasowa
- PT: discriminação racial
- RO: discriminare rasială
- SE: rasdiskriminering
- SK: rasová diskriminácia
- SL: rasna diskriminacija
Any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.
2. Distinctions made on the basis of citizenship (that is, between citizens and non-citizens) are specifically excluded from the definition, as are affirmative action policies and other measures taken to redress imbalances and promote equality.
3. Some institutions such as the United Nations High Commissoner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) use the term 'discrimination' with the same definition.
- BG: сигурна трета страна
- CZ: bezpečná třetí země
- DE: sicherer Drittstaat
- EE: turvaline kolmas riik
- EN: safe third country
- ES: tercer país seguro
- FI: turvallinen kolmas maa
- FR: pays tiers sûr
- GA: tríú tír atá sábháilte
- GR: ασφαλής τρίτη χώρα
- HU: biztonságos harmadik ország
- IT: paese terzo sicuro
- LT: saugi trečioji šalis
- LV: droša trešā valsts
- MT: Pajjiż terz sigur / bla perikli
- NL: veilig derde land
- NO: trygt tredjeland
- PL: bezpieczny kraj trzeci
- PT: país terceiro seguro
- RO: ţară / stat terţ(ă) sigură
- SE: säkert tredjeland
- SK: bezpečná tretia krajina
- SL: varna tretja država
(a) life and liberty are not threatened on account of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion;
(b) there is no risk of serious harm as defined in Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) ;
(c) the principle of non-refoulement in accordance with the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol is respected;
(d) the prohibition of removal, in violation of the right to freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment as laid down in international law, is respected; and
(e) the possibility exists to request refugee status and, if found to be a refugee, to receive protection in accordance with the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol.
- BG: геноцид
- CZ: genocida
- DE: Völkermord
- EE: genotsiid
- EN: genocide
- ES: genocidio
- FI: kansanmurha / joukkotuhonta
- FR: génocide
- GA: cinedhíothú
- GR: γενοκτονία
- HU: népirtás
- IT: genocidio
- LT: genocidas
- LV: genocīds
- MT: Ġenoċidju
- NL: genocide (syn. volkerenmoord)
- NO: folkemord
- PL: ludobójstwo
- PT: genocídio
- RO: genocid
- SE: folkmord
- SK: genocída
- SL: genocid
An act committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.
(a) killing members of the group;
(b) causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
(c) deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
(d) imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
(e) forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
2. The definition is also outlined in Art. 6 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.
- BG: vertimo nėra
- CZ: poživatel doplňkové ochrany
- DE: De-facto-Flüchtling
- EE: de facto pagulane
- EN: de facto refugee
- ES: refugiado de facto
- FI: tosiasiallinen pakolainen / de facto -pakolainen
- FR: réfugié de facto
- GA: dídeanaí de facto
- GR: de facto πρόσφυγας
- HU: de facto menekült
- IT: rifugiato de facto
- LT: de facto pabėgėlis
- LV: de facto bēglis
- MT: Rifuġjat(a) de facto
- NL: de facto vluchteling
- NO: de facto-flyktning
- PL: uchodźca de facto
- PT: refugiado de facto
- RO: refugiat de facto
- SE: de facto-flykting
- SK: utečenec de facto
- SL: de facto begunec
Person not recognised as a refugee (within the meaning of Art. 1A of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol) and who is unable or, for reasons recognised as valid, unwilling to return to their country of origin or country of nationality or, if they have no nationality, to the country of their habitual residence.
2. In DE, this refers to a person who has not applied for asylum or whose asylum application has been rejected, but whose removal has been suspended due to concrete danger of life, body or freedom. For example, a person’s stay will be tolerated in DE on grounds of humanitarian law.
- BG: приспособяване
- CZ: adaptace
- DE: Anpassung / Adaptation
- EE: kohanemine
- EN: adaptation
- ES: adaptación
- FI: sopeutuminen
- FR: adaptation
- GA: oiriúnú
- GR: προσαρμογή
- HU: adaptáció / alkalmazkodás
- IT: adattamento
- LT: adaptacija
- LV: pielāgošanās
- MT: Addattament
- NL: aanpassing
- NO: tilpasning (b) / tilpassing (n)
- PL: adaptacja
- PT: adaptação
- RO: adaptare
- SE: anpassning
- SK: prispôsobenie / adaptácia
- SL: prilagajanje / adaptacija
Process of modifying some or all of one’s beliefs and / or attitudes so as to suit new conditions of life.