Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: Глобален подход към миграцията и мобилността
- CZ: Globální přístup k migraci a mobilitě
- DE: Gesamtansatz für Migration und Mobilität
- EE: globaalne lähenemine rändele ja rahvastiku liikuvusele
- EN: Global Approach to Migration and Mobility
- ES: Enfoque Global de la Migración
- FI: maahanmuuttoa koskeva kokonaisvaltainen lähestymistapa
- FR: approche globale de la question des migrations et de la mobilité
- GA: Cur Chuige Domhanda i leith Imirce agus Soghluaisteachta
- GR: Σφαιρική Προσέγγιση της Μετανάστευσης και της Κινητικότητας
- HU: a migráció és mobilitás átfogó globális megközelítése
- IT: Approccio globale in materia di migrazione e mobilità
- LT: ES visuotinis požiūris į migraciją ir judumą
- LV: vispārēja pieeja migrācijai un mobilitātei
- MT: Approċċ Globali għall-Migrazzjoni u l-Mobilità
- NL: totaalaanpak van migratie en mobiliteit
- NO: global tilnærming til migrasjon og mobilitet
- PL: Globalne Podejście do Migracji i Mobilności
- PT: Abordagem Global da Migração e Mobilidade
- SE: Övergripande strategi för migration och rörlighet / GAMM
- SK: Globálny prístup k migrácii a mobilite / GPMM
- SL: Globalni pristop k migraciji in mobilnosti
The overarching framework of the European Union’s external migration policy based on genuine partnership with non-EU countries and addressing all aspects of migration and mobility issues in an integrated, comprehensive and balanced manner.
2. The approach comprises the whole migration agenda, including legal and irregular migration, combating trafficking in human beings and smuggling of migrants, strengthening protection for refugees, enhancing migrant rights and harnessing the positive links that exist between migration and development.
3. In 2011, the global approach was evaluated. As a result of this, the Commission highlighted the need for further strengthening the external migration policy and published in November 2011 the Communication on the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility, COM(2011) 743 final on a new impetus to the EU’s external migration policy. The renewed GAMM focuses on four main priorities: improving the organisation of legal migration and facilitated mobility, preventing and reducing irregular migration in an efficient, yet humane way, strengthening the synergies between migration and development, and strengthening international protection systems and the external dimension of asylum.
- BG: закон за човешките права
- CZ: zákony o lidských právech
- DE: internationale Menschenrechts-normen
- EE: inimõiguste õigus
- EN: human rights law
- ES: legislación de derechos humanos
- FI: ihmisoikeuslainsäädäntö
- FR: droit relatif aux droits de l’homme
- GA: na dlíthe i leith Chearta an Duine, reachtaíocht i leith Chearta an Duine
- HU: emberi jogok
- IT: diritto dei diritti umani
- LT: žmogaus teisių teisė
- LV: cilvēktiesības
- MT: Liġi (Il-) dwar id-drittijiet tal-bniedem
- NL: humanitair recht
- NO: menneskerettslovgivning (b) / menneskerettslovgjeving (n)
- PL: prawo praw człowieka
- RO: legislaţia privind drepturile omului
- SE: lagstiftning till skydd för mänskliga rättigheter
- SK: právo v oblasti ľudských práv
- SL: pravo o človekovih pravicah
The body of customary international law, human rights instruments and national law that recognises and protects human rights.
Refugee law and human rights law complement each other.
- BG: Женевска конвенция за статута на бежанците от 1951 г. и Протокол от 1967 г.
- CZ: Ženevská úmluva o uprchlících a Protokol z r. 1967
- DE: Genfer Konvention von 1951 und Protokoll von 1967
- EE: 1951. a Genfi konventsioon ja 1967. a protokoll
- EN: Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1967
- ES: Convenio de Ginebra de 1951 y Protocolo de 1967
- FI: Geneven yleissopimus vuodelta 1951 ja sen pöytäkirja vuodelta 1967
- FR: Convention de Genève de 1951 et Protocole de 1967
- GA: Coinbhinsiún na Ginéive (1951) agus Prótacal na Ginéive (1967)
- GR: Σύμβαση της Γενεύης και Πρωτόκολλο
- HU: Az 1951-es Genfi Egyezmény és az 1967-es Kiegészítő Jegyzőkönyv
- IT: Convenzione di Ginevra del 1951 e Protocollo di New York del 1967
- LT: Ženevos konvencija 1951 m. ir protokolas 1967 m.
- LV: 1951.gada Ženēvas konvencija un 1967.gada protokols
- MT: Konvenzjoni (Il-) ta’ Ġinevra tal-1951 u l-Protokol tal-1967
- NL: Geneefse Conventie & Protocol Conventie van Genève (NL syn.: Verdrag van Genève, (In daily practice: Vluchtelingenverdrag)
- NO: Genève-konvesjonen (1951) og Genève-protokollen (1967)
- PL: Konwencja Genewska z 1951 r. i Protokół z 1967 r.
- PT: Convenção de Genebra e Protocolo
- RO: Convenţia de la Geneva din 1951 şi Protocolul de Implementare din 1967
- SE: 1951 års konvention och 1967 års tilläggsprotokoll om flyktingars rättsliga ställning
- SK: Ženevský dohovor z roku 1951 a Protokol z roku 1967 / Dohovor o právnom postavení utečencov z 28. júla 1951 a Newyorský protokol z 31. januára 1967
- SL: Ženevska konvencija iz leta 1951 in Protokol iz leta 1967
2. The Convention is both a status and rights-based instrument and is underpinned by a number of fundamental principles, most notably non-discrimination, non-penalisation and non-refoulement.
- BG: добре обоснован страх от преследване
- CZ: podložená obava z pronásledování
- DE: begründete Furcht vor Verfolgung
- EE: põhjendatud tagakiusamise kartus
- EN: well-founded fear of persecution
- ES: temor justificado de persecución
- FI: perusteltu vainon pelko
- FR: crainte fondée de persécution
- GA: faitíos roimh ghéarleanúint a bhfuil bunús / údar maith leis
- HU: üldöztetéstől való megalapozott félelem
- IT: giustificato timore di persecuzione
- LT: visiškai pagrįsta baimė būti persekiojamam
- LV: pamatotas bailes no vajāšanas
- MT: Biża’ ġustifikata ta’ persekuzzjoni
- NL: gegronde vrees voor vervolging
- NO: velbegrunnet frykt for forfølgelse (b) / velgrunna frykt for forfølging (n)
- PL: uzasadniona obawa przed prześladowaniem
- RO: teamă de persecuţie bine fondată
- SE: välgrundad fruktan för förföljelse
- SK: opodstatnená obava z prenasledovania
- SL: utemeljen strah pred preganjanjem
The fear of persecution experienced by an applicant for international protection that is considered both genuine and objectively justifiable (e.g. because the person concerned has already been subject to persecution or serious harm, or to direct threats of such persecution or such harm, and there is no good reason to consider that such persecution or serious harm will not be repeated).
2. The subjective element is satisfied if the applicant‘s fear of persecution is genuine. In the context of refugee status determination, fear has been defined as an apprehension or awareness of danger. General dissent or disagreement with a government or the desire for more personal freedom or an improved economic situation without anything more does not satify this element (see UNHCR guidelines on international protection on the UNHCR website).
3. The objective element is satisfied when the applicant has established that there is a reasonable possibility that they will actually suffer the feared persecution.
- BG: вторично движение на мигранти
- CZ: druhotný pohyb migrantů
- DE: Sekundärmigration
- EE: sisserändajate teisene (riikidevaheline) liikumine
- EN: secondary movement of migrants
- ES: movimientos migratoris secundarios
- FI: maahanmuuttajien toissijainen siirtyminen
- FR: mouvement secondaire de migrants
- GA: athghluaiseacht imirceach
- HU: másodlagos migrációs mozgás
- IT: movimento secondario di migranti
- LT: vėlesnis migrantų judėjimas
- LV: migrantu tālāka pārvietošanās
- MT: Moviment sekondarju ta’ migranti
- NL: secundaire migratiestroom
- NO: sekundærflytting
- PL: wtórny przepływ migrantów
- RO: mişcare secundară a migranţilor
- SE: sekundär migration
- SK: sekundárny pohyb migrantov
- SL: sekundarno gibanje migrantov
The movement of migrants, including refugees and asylum seekers, who for different reasons move from the country in which they first arrived to seek protection or permanent resettlement elsewhere.
This movement is without the prior consent of the national authorities, without an entry visa, or with no or insufficient documentation normally required for travel purposes, or with false or fraudulent documentation.
- BG: управление на миграционните процеси
- CZ: řízená migrace
- DE: gesteuerte Migration
- EE: juhitud ränne
- EN: managed migration
- ES: gestión integral de la migración
- FI: hallittu maahanmuutto
- FR: gestion des migrations
- GA: imirce bhainistithe
- GR: ελεγχόμενη μετανάστευση
- HU: migráció kezelés / migráció menedzsment (+ well-managed migration = megfelelően kezelt migráció)
- IT: migrazione gestita
- LT: valdoma migracija
- LV: pārvaldīta migrācija
- MT: Ġestjoni ta’ flussi migratorji
- NL: gereguleerde migratie
- NO: styrt migrasjon
- PL: migracja zarządzana
- PT: migração assistida / Gestão de Migrações
- RO: migraţie controlată
- SE: reglerad migration
- SK: riadená migrácia
- SL: upravljanje migracij / vodene migracije
An approach used by the EU and EU Member States to structure the management of all aspects of migration into and within the EU of both third-country nationals and EU nationals, particularly the entry, admission, residence, integration and return, as well as of refugees and others in need of protection.
Developed by EMN
- BG: право на запазването на целостта на семейството
- CZ: právo na zachování celistvosti rodiny
- DE: Recht auf Familieneinheit / Recht auf Wahrung des Familienverbandes
- EE: õigus perekonna ühtsusele
- EN: right to family unity
- ES: derecho a la unidad de la familia
- FI: oikeus perheen yhtenäisyyteen
- GA: ceart chun aontacht teaghlaigh
- GR: δικαίωμα στην οικογενειακή ενότητα
- HU: család egységéhez való jog
- IT: diritto all’unità familiare
- LT: teisė į šeimos vientisumą
- LV: tiesības uz ģimenes vienotību
- MT: Dritt għall-għaqda / għall-unità tal-familja
- NL: recht op instandhouding van het (kern-)gezin (syn.: recht op eenheid van het gezin)
- NO: rett til familiens enhet (b) / rett til familieeining (n)
- PL: prawo do jedności rodziny
- PT: direito à unidade familiar
- RO: dreptul la unitatea familiei
- SE: rätt till familjesammanhållning
- SK: právo na jednotu rodiny
- SL: pravica do enotnosti družine
In the context of a refugee, a right provisioned in Art. 23 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and in Art. 12 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) obliging EU Member States to ensure that family unity can be maintained.
There is a distinction between the right to family unity and the right to family life. The right to family unity relates more to the purpose and procedural aspects of entry and stay for the purpose of reuniting a family, in order to meet the fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.
- BG: право на убежище (от гледна точка на търсещия закрила)
- CZ: právo na azyl
- DE: Recht auf Asyl
- EE: õigus varjupaika taotleda
- EN: right to asylum
- ES: derecho de asilo
- FI: oikeus turvapaikkaan, turvapaikkaoikeus
- FR: droit d’asile
- GA: ceart ar thearmann
- HU: menedékhez való jog
- IT: diritto all’asilo
- LT: teisė į prieglobstį
- LV: tiesības uz patvērumu
- MT: Dritt għall-ażil
- NL: recht op asiel
- NO: rett til beskyttelse (b) / rett til vern (n)
- PL: prawo do azylu
- RO: dreptul la azil
- SE: asylrätt
- SK: právo na azyl
- SL: pravica do azila
The right of a person to seek asylum, guaranteed with due respect by the rules of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol and in accordance with the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).
Refugees have no enforceable right in conventional international law to be granted asylum by a State. It is contested whether customary international law has embraced the individual right to asylum.
- BG: Междуправителствени консултации по миграция, убежище и бежанци
- CZ: Mezivládní konzultace k migraci, azylu a uprchlictví
- DE: Zwischenstaatliche Beratungen über Migration, Asyl und Flüchtlinge
- EE: valitsustevahelised konsultatsioonid rände-, varjupaiga- ja pagulasteemal
- EN: Intergovernmental Consultations on Migration, Asylum and Refugees
- ES: Consultas Intergubernamentales sobre Asilo, Refugio y Migración
- FI: IGC (Euroopan, Pohjois-Amerikan ja Australian turvapaikka-, pakolais- ja siirtolaispolitiikkoja käsittelevät hallitustenväliset neuvottelut)
- FR: Consultations intergouvernementales sur les politiques d’asile, de réfugiés et de migrations
- GA: Comhairliúcháin Idir-Rialtasacha maidir le hImirce, Tearmann agus Dídeanaithe
- HU: Kormányközi Tanácskozás / Együttműködés a Migrációról és a Menekültügyről
- IT: Consultazioni Inter-Governative in materia di Immigrazione, Asilo e Rifugiati
- LT: tarpvyriausybinės konsultacijos migracijos, prieglobsčio ir pabėgėlių klausimais
- LV: Starpvaldību konsultācijas par migrācijas, patvēruma un bēgļu jautājumiem
- MT: Konsultazzjonijiet Intergovernattivi fuq Migrazzjoni, Ażil u Rifuġjati
- NL: IGC (BE syn.: Intergouvernementeel Overleg over migratie, asiel en vluchtelingen)
- NO: Flernasjonal informasjonsutveksling om migrasjons, asyl- og flyktningspørsmål
- PL: międzyrządowe konsultacje nt. migracji, azylu i uchodźców
- PT: consultas intergovernamentais sobre migrações, asilo e refugiados
- RO: Consultări interministeriale cu privire la migraţie, azil şi refugiaţi
- SE: Intergovernmental Consultations on Migration, Asylum and Refugees
- SK: Medzivládne konzultácie o migrácii, azyle a utečencoch
- SL: Medvladna posvetovanja o migraciji, azilu in beguncih
An informal, non-decision making forum for intergovernmental information exchange and policy debate on issues of relevance to the management of international migratory flows, which brings together the participating states, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) , the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the European Commission.
2. For more information on participating states etc., see the IGC website.
- BG: молба за международна закрила
- CZ: žádost o mezinárodní ochranu
- DE: Antrag auf internationalen Schutz
- EE: rahvusvahelise kaitse taotlus
- EN: application for international protection
- ES: solicitud de protección internacional
- FI: kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva hakemus
- FR: demande de protection internationale
- GA: iarratas ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta
- GR: αίτηση για διεθνή προστασία
- HU: nemzetközi védelem iránti kérelem
- IT: domanda di protezione internazionale
- LT: tarptautinės apsaugos (prieglobsčio) prašymas
- LV: starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikums
- MT: Talba għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali
- NL: verzoek om internationale bescherming
- NO: søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b) / søknad om internasjonalt vern (n)
- PL: wniosek o udzielenie ochrony międzynarodowej
- PT: pedido de protecção internacional
- RO: cerere de protectie internationala
- SE: ansökan om internationellt skydd
- SK: žiadosť o medzinárodnú ochranu (EU acquis)
- SL: prošnja za mednarodno zaščito
A request made by a third-country national or a stateless person for protection from a EU Member State, who can be understood to seek refugee status or subsidiary protection status, and who does not explicitly request another kind of protection, outside the scope of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive), that can be applied for separately.
2. In everyday use, the terms ‘asylum application’ and ‘application for asylum’ are often used more frequently than ‘application for international protection’.
3. According to Protocol 24 of TFEU on asylum for nationals of Member States of the European Union (1997), EU Member States shall be regarded as constituting safe countries of origin in respect of each other for all legal and practical purposes in relation to asylum matters. Accordingly, any application for asylum made by a national of an EU Member State is normally not taken into consideration.
- BG: отнемане на международна закрила
- CZ: odnětí mezinárodní ochrany
- DE: Aberkennung des internationalen Schutzes
- EE: rahvusvahelise kaitse tagasivõtmine
- EN: withdrawal of international protection
- ES: retirada de la protección internacional
- FI: kansainvälisen suojelun poistaminen /lakkauttaminen / peruttaminen
- FR: retrait de la protection internationale
- GA: cosaint idirnáisiúnta a tharraingt siar
- GR: ανάκληση διεθνούς προστασίας
- HU: nemzetközi védelem visszavonása
- IT: revoca della protezione internazionale
- LT: tarptautinės apsaugos (prieglobsčio) panaikinimas
- LV: starptautiskās aizsardzības statusa atņemšana
- MT: Irtirar tal-protezzjoni internazzjonali
- NL: intrekking van de internationale bescherming
- NO: tilbaketrekking av internasjonal beskyttelse (b) / tilbaketrekking av internasjonalt vern (n)
- PL: cofnięcie ochrony międzynarodowej
- PT: retirada do estatuto de proteção internacional
- RO: retragerea protecţiei internaţionale
- SE: återkallande av internationellt skydd
- SK: odňatie medzinárodnej ochrany
- SL: preklic mednarodne zaščite
The decision by a competent authority to revoke, end or refuse to renew the refugee or subsidiary protection status of a person in accordance with Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive).
- BG: лице, на което е предоставена международна закрила
- CZ: osoba požívající mezinárodní ochrany
- DE: Person, der internationaler Schutz zuerkannt wurde
- EE: rahvusvahelise kaitse saaja
- EN: beneficiary of international protection
- ES: beneficiario de protección internacional
- FI: kansainvälistä suojelua saava
- FR: bénéficiaire d’une protection internationale
- GA: tairbhí den chosaint idirnáisiúnta
- GR: δικαιούχου διεθνούς προστασίας
- HU: nemzetközi védelemben részesülő személy
- IT: beneficiario di protezione internazionale
- LT: tarptautinės apsaugos (prieglobsčio) gavėjas
- LV: starptautiskās aizsardzības saņēmējs
- MT: Benefiċjarju(-a) tal-protezzjoni internazzjonali
- NL: persoon die internationale bescherming geniet
- NO: mottaker av internasjonal beskyttelse (asyl) (b) / mottakar av internasjonalt vern (asyl) (n)
- PL: beneficjent ochrony międzynarodowej
- PT: beneficiário de protecção internacional
- RO: beneficiar al protectiei internationale
- SE: person som beviljats internationellt skydd
- SK: osoba s postavením medzinárodnej ochrany (EU acquis) / osoba s udelenou medzinárodnou ochranou
- SL: upravičenec do mednarodne zaščite
A person who has been granted refugee status or subsidiary protection status.
- BG: Международна организация по миграция
- CZ: Mezinárodní ogranizace pro migraci
- DE: Internationale Organisation für Migration
- EE: Rahvusvaheline Migratsiooniorganisatsioon
- EN: International Organization for Migration
- ES: Organización Internacional para las Migraciones
- FI: Kansainvälinen siirtolaisuusjärjestö
- FR: Organisation internationale pour les migrations
- GA: an Eagraíocht Idirnáisiúnta um Imirce
- GR: Διεθνούς Οργανισμού Μετανάστευσης
- HU: Nemzetközi Migrációs Szervezet
- IT: Organizzazione Internazionale per le Migrazioni
- LT: Tarptautinė migracijos organizacija
- LV: Starptautiskā Migrācijas organizācija
- MT: Organizzazzjoni (L-) Internazzjonali għall-Migrazzjoni
- NL: Internationale Organisatie voor Migratie
- NO: Den internasjonale migrasjonsorganisasjonen
- PL: Międzynarodowa Organizacja do Spraw Migracji
- PT: Organização Internacional para as Migrações
- RO: Organizaţia Internaţională pentru Migraţie
- SE: International Organization for Migration
- SK: Medzinárodná organizácia pre migráciu
- SL: Mednarodna organizacija za migracije
An intergovernmental organisation in the field of migration dedicated to ensuring the orderly and humane management of migration, to promote international cooperation on migration issues, to assist in the search for practical solutions to migration problems and to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in need, be they refugees, displaced persons or other uprooted people.
2. It is one of the main inter-governmental organisations in the field of migration and works closely with governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental partners.
3. For further information, see the website of IOM.
- BG: международна закрила
- CZ: mezinárodní ochrana
- DE: internationaler Schutz
- EE: rahvusvaheline kaitse
- EN: international protection
- ES: protección (internacional)
- FI: kansainvälinen suojelu
- FR: protection internationale
- GA: cosaint idirnáisiúnta
- GR: διεθνής προστασία
- HU: nemzetközi védelem
- IT: protezione internazionale
- LT: tarptautinė apsauga (prieglobstis)
- LV: starptautiskā aizsardzība
- MT: Protezzjoni internazzjonali
- NL: internationale bescherming
- NO: internasjonal beskyttelse (b) / internasjonalt vern (n)
- PL: ochrona międzynarodowa
- PT: protecção internacional
- RO: protecţie internaţională
- SE: internationellt skydd
- SK: medzinárodná ochrana
- SL: mednarodna zaščita
In the EU context, protection that encompasses refugee status and subsidiary protection status.
- BG: достъп до здравни гриижи
- CZ: přístup ke zdravotní péči
- DE: Zugang zu medizinischer Versorgung
- EE: ligipääs tervishoiule
- EN: access to healthcare
- ES: acceso a la asistencia sanitaria
- FI: oikeus terveydenhuoltoon
- FR: accès aux soins de santé
- GA: Rochtain ar Chúram Sláinte
- GR: πρόσβαση στην υγειονομική περίθαλψη
- HU: a migránsok társadalombiztosítási és egészségügyi ellátásokhoz való hozzáférése
- IT: accesso all’assistenza sanitaria
- LT: sveikatos priežiūros prieinamumas
- LV: piekļuve veselības aprūpei
- MT: Aċċess għas-servizzi tas-saħħa/ għall-kura sanitarja
- NL: toegang tot gezondheidszorg
- NO: tilgang til helsetjenester (b) / tilgang til helsetenester (n)
- PL: dostęp do opieki zdrowotnej
- RO: acces la ingrijirea sanatatii / acces la sistemul medical
- SE: tillgång till hälso- och sjukvård
- SK: prístup k zdravotnej starostlivosti
- SL: dostop do zdravstvenega varstva
Healthcare entitlements enjoyed by third-country nationals (migrants, applicants for international protection and refugees) in EU Member States and in their countries of origin.
2. According to Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive), long-term residents enjoy the same access to healthcare as nationals as defined by national law.
3. Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) grants access to adequate healthcare, including treatment of mental disorders when needed, to beneficiaries of international protection under the same eligibility conditions as nationals of the EU Member State that has granted such protection.
4.Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) establishes minimum standards for access to healthcare for applicants of international protection during the asylum procedure. It requires EU Member States to ensure that asylum seekers at least receive emergency care and essential treatment for illnesses and serious mental disorders. However, the entitlement of asylum seekers to healthcare services depends on national legislation and varies among Member States. See for example, the EMN: Ad-Hoc Query on System of medical treatment of asylum seekers in Member States.
5. Access to healthcare can be a key factor in the process of decision-making on applications for international protection. Subsidiary protection may apply if the asylum-seeker contends that a return to the country of origin is impossible for health reasons, as the return of a sick person which is often connected with the medical standards in the country of return could constitute a breach of Art. 3 ECHR. Thus case workers have to take into account whether medical treatment is available in the country of origin and whether the available medical treatment would also be (e.g. financially) accessible to the concerned person upon return. For further information see the description of the MedCOI project in the List of projects funded by the European Refugee Fund in 2011.
- BG: доброволно връщане
- CZ: dobrovolný návrat
- DE: freiwillige Rückkehr
- EE: vabatahtlik (riigist) lahkumine
- EN: voluntary return
- ES: retorno voluntario
- FI: vapaaehtoinen paluu
- FR: retour volontaire
- GA: filleadh deonach
- GR: εθελούσια επιστροφή
- HU: önkéntes hazatérés
- IT: ritorno volontario
- LT: savanoriškas grįžimas
- LV: brīvprātīga atgriešanās
- MT: Ritorn volontarju
- NL: vrijwillige terugkeer
- NO: frivillig retur (b) / friviljug retur (n)
- PL: dobrowolny powrót
- PT: retorno voluntário
- RO: returnare voluntară
- SE: frivilligt återvändande
- SK: dobrovoľný návrat
- SL: prostovoljna vrnitev
The assisted or independent return to the country of origin, transit or third country, based on the free will of the returnee.
2. The types of persons returning without the assistance of the State include those who:
a) would be under no (legal) obligation to do so. As stated in the definition, it is entirely their decision as to whether they return or not;
b) are irregularly resident and have not (yet) been apprehended/detected (e.g. overstayers), but who decide to return anyway;
c) have applied to stay (e.g. asylum seeker, person applying for international protection) and whose application has not yet been finalised, but decide to return anyway.
3. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) prefers the term ‘voluntary repatriation’.
- BG: Регионална инициатива по миграция, убежище и бежанци
- CZ: Regionální iniciativa pro migraci, azyl a uprchlíky
- DE: Regionale Migrations-, Asyl- und Flüchtlingsinitiative
- EE: rände, varjupaiga ja pagulaste regionaalne meede (dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra)
- EN: Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative
- ES: iniciativa regional para la migración, el asilo y los refugiados
- FI: maahanmuuttoa, turvapaikkaa ja pakolaisia koskeva alueellinen aloite
- FR: Initiative régionale en matière de migration, d’asile et de retour des réfugiés
- GA: Tionscnamh Réigiúnach um Imirce, Tearmann & Dídeanaithe
- GR: Περιφερειακή Πρωτοβουλία για τη Μετανάστευση, το Άσυλο και τους Πρόσφυγες
- HU: Migráció és Menekültügyi Regionális Kezdeményezés
- IT: Iniziativa Regionale Migrazione, Asilo, Rifugiati
- LT: Regioninė migracijos, prieglobsčio ir pabėgėlių iniciatyva
- LV: Migrācijas, patvēruma un bēgļu reģionālā iniciatīva
- MT: Inizzjattiva Reġjonali dwar il-Migrazzjoni, l-Ażil, u r-Rifuġjati
- NL: Regionaal Migratie-, Asiel- en Vluchtelingeninitiatief
- NO: regionalt initiativ for asyl og flyktninger for Vest-Balkan (b) / regionalt initiativ for asyl og flyktningar for Vest-Balkan (n)
- PL: Regionalna Inicjatywa w sprawach Migracji, Azylu i Uchodźstwa
- PT: iniciativa regional sobre migração, asilo e refugiados
- RO: Iniţiativa regională cu privire la migraţaie, azil şi refugiaţi
- SE: Regionala initiativet för migration, asyl och flyktingar
- SK: Regionálna iniciatíva pre migráciu, azyl a utečencov
- SL: Regionalna pobuda za migracije, azil in begunce
An initiative forming part of the South-East European Cooperation Process, which aims to enhance regional cooperation in the field of migration by promoting a comprehensive, integrated, and coherent approach to the issues of migration, asylum, border management, visa policies and consular cooperation, refugee return and settlement in order to meet international and European standards.
- the MARRI Regional Forum, which provides political and framework support to the Initiative, and
- the MARRI Regional Centre in Skopje, which carries out practical cooperation and activities of MARRI and supports the implementation of the decisions reached by the Regional Forum.
2. MARRI’s top priority is the enhancement of regional cooperation in its fields of activities among countries in the region, as a vital part of the EU integration process and in line with the Thessaloniki Agenda for the Western Balkans.
3. For more information, see the website of MARRI.
- BG: no translation
- CZ: uprchlík prima facie
- DE: Prima-Facie Flüchtling
- EE: prima facie pagulane
- EN: prima facie refugee
- ES: refugiado (prima facie)
- FI: prima facie -pakolainen
- FR: réfugié prima facie
- GA: dídeanaí prima facie
- GR: εκ πρώτης όψεως πρόσφυγας
- HU: prima facie elismert menekült
- IT: rifugiato prima facie
- LT: prima facie pabėgėlis
- LV: prima facie bēglis
- MT: Rifuġjat(a) prima facie
- NL: prima facie vluchteling
- NO: prima facie-flyktning
- PL: uchodźca prima facie
- PT: refugiados prima facie
- RO: refugiat prima facie
- SE: prima facie-flykting
- SK: utečenec prima facie
- SL: prima facie begunec
Person recognised as a refugee, by a State or the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), on the basis of objective criteria related to the circumstances in their country of origin, which justify a presumption that they meet the criteria of the applicable refugee definition.
This term refers to a more theoretical concept and is often not applied.
- BG: тежест на доказване
- CZ: důkazní břemeno
- DE: Beweislast
- EE: tõendamiskoormis
- EN: burden of proof
- ES: carga de la prueba
- FI: todistustaakka
- FR: charge de la preuve
- GA: dualgas cruthúnais
- GR: υποχρέωση της απόδειξης της βασιμότητας του ισχυρισμού
- HU: bizonyítási teher
- IT: onere della prova
- LT: prievolė įrodyti
- LV: pierādīšanas pienākums
- MT: Piż (Il-) tal-prova / Obbligu (L-) li jinġiebu l-provi
- NL: bewijslast
- NO: bevisbyrde
- PL: ciężar dowodu
- PT: ónus da prova
- RO: sarcina dovezii
- SE: bevisbörda
- SK: dôkazné bremeno
- SL: dokazno breme
In the migration context, the duty of a non-national seeking entry into a foreign State to prove that they are entitled to enter and not inadmissible under the laws of that State.
In the context of refugee status determination procedures, the duty of the applicant to establish their case, to produce evidence that they have a well-founded fear of persecution.
2. For further information see UNHCR: Note on Burden and Standard of Proof in Refugee Claims, 16 December 1998.
- BG: приемателен център
- CZ: přijímací středisko
- DE: Aufnahmeeinrichtung
- EE: vastuvõtukeskus
- EN: reception centre
- ES: centro de acogida
- FI: vastaanottokeskus
- FR: centre d’accueil (pour demandeurs d’asile)
- GA: ionad fáiltithe
- HU: befogadó állomás
- IT: centro di accoglienza per richiedenti asilo
- LT: priėmimo centras
- LV: uzņemšanas centrs
- MT: Ċentru ta’ akkoljenza (għal min jitlob l-ażil)
- NL: asielzoekerscentrum
- NO: transittmottak
- PL: ośrodek recepcyjny
- PT: centro de acolhimento
- RO: centru de cazare şi proceduri
- SE: mottagning
- SK: prijímacie zariadenie (EU acquis) / záchytný tábor (national law)
- SL: nastanitveni center / sprejemni center
A location with facilities for receiving, processing and attending to the immediate needs of refugees or asylum seekers as they arrive in a country of asylum.
For more information on categories of reception centres available in EU Member States, see EMN: the Organisation of Reception Facilities for Asylum Seekers in different Member States.
- BG: приемни съоръжения
- CZ: přijímací zařízení
- DE: Aufnahmeeinrichtungen
- EE: vastuvõtu majutusasutused
- EN: reception facilities
- ES: centros de acogida
- FI: vastaanoton majoitusmuodot
- FR: structures d’accueil
- GA: áiseanna fáiltithe
- HU: befogadó létesítmények
- IT: struttura di accoglienza
- LT: priėmimo centrai
- LV: uzņemšanas telpas
- MT: Faċilitajiet ta’ akkoljenza
- NL: opvangfaciliteiten
- NO: asylmottak
- PL: ośrodki przyjmowania
- RO: spaţii de cazare a solicitanţilor de azil
- SE: anläggningsboende
- SK: azylové zariadenia
- SL: sprejemni prostori
All forms of premises used for the housing of applicants for international protection and other categories of migrants and refugees.
For more information on categories of reception facilties available in EU Member States, see EMN: the Organisation of Reception Facilities for Asylum Seekers in different Member States, 2013.
Developed by EMN
- BG: убежище
- CZ: azyl
- DE: Asyl
- EE: varjupaik
- EN: asylum
- ES: asilo
- FI: turvapaikka
- FR: asile
- GA: tearmann
- GR: άσυλο
- HU: menedékjog
- IT: asilo
- LT: prieglobstis
- LV: patvērums
- MT: Ażil
- NL: asiel
- NO: asyl
- PL: azyl
- PT: asilo
- RO: azil
- SE: asyl
- SK: azyl
- SL: azil
A form of protection given by a State on its territory, based on the principle of non-refoulement and internationally or nationally recognised refugee rights and which is granted to a person who is unable to seek protection in their country of citizenship and / or residence, in particular for fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.
Developed by EMN
- BG: право на убежище (от гледна точка на държавата, предоставяща закрила)
- CZ: právo azylu
- DE: Recht, Asyl zu gewähren / Asylrecht (DE)
- EE: õigus varjupaigale
- EN: right of asylum
- ES: derecho de asilo
- FI: turvapaikkaoikeus
- FR: droit d’asile
- GA: ceart tearmainn
- GR: δικαίωμα ασύλου
- HU: menedékjog
- IT: diritto di asilo
- LT: prieglobsčio teisė
- LV: patvēruma tiesības
- MT: Dritt mogħti għall-ażil
- NL: asielrecht (syn.: recht van asiel)
- NO: rett til å gi beskyttelse / asyl (b) / rett til å gje vern / asyl (n)
- PL: prawo do udzielenia azylu
- PT: direito ao asilo
- RO: dreptul la azil
- SE: asylrätt
- SK: právo udeliť azyl
- SL: azilna pravica
The right of the State, in virtue of its territorial sovereignty and in the exercise of its discretion, to allow a non-national to enter and reside, and to resist the exercise of jurisdiction by any State over that individual.
2. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) uses a generic term, in two senses:
- the right to grant asylum (a State may grant asylum in its territory to any person at its own discretion) and
- the right to be granted asylum either vis-à-vis the State in whose territory asylum is requested, or vis‑à-vis the pursuing State.
- BG: мигрант по принуда
- CZ: nucený migrant
- DE: Zwangsmigrant
- EE: sundsisserändaja (dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra)
- EN: forced migrant
- ES: migrante forzoso
- FI: pakkomuuttaja
- FR: migrant forcé
- GA: imirceach éigeantais
- GR: εξαναγκαστική μετανάστευση
- HU: kényszerű migráns
- IT: migrante forzato
- LT: priverstinis migrantas
- LV: piespiedu migrants
- MT: Migrant(a) kostrett(a) / sfurzat(a)
- NL: gedwongen migrant
- NO: tvungen migrant
- PL: migrant przymusowy
- PT: migrante forçado
- RO: migrant forţat
- SE: tvångsmigrant
- SK: nútený migrant
- SL: prisilni migrant
A person subject to a migratory movement in which an element of coercion exists, including threats to life and livelihood, whether arising from natural or man-made causes (e.g. movements of refugees and internally displaced persons as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine or development projects).
- BG: принудителна миграция
- CZ: nucená migrace
- DE: erzwungene Migration / Zwangsmigration
- EE: sundränne
- EN: forced migration
- ES: migración forzosa
- FI: pakkomuutto
- FR: migration forcée
- GA: imirce éigeantais
- GR: αναγκαστική μετανάστευση
- HU: kényszerű migráció
- IT: migrazione forzata
- LT: priverstinė migracija
- LV: piespiedu migrācija
- MT: Migrazzjoni kostretta / sfurzata
- NL: gedwongen migratie
- NO: tvangsmigrasjon
- PL: migracja przymusowa
- PT: migração forçada
- RO: migraţie forţată
- SE: tvångsmigration
- SK: nútená migrácia
- SL: prisilna migracija
A migratory movement in which an element of coercion exists, including threats to life and livelihood, whether arising from natural or man-made causes (e.g. movements of refugees and internally displaced persons as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine or development projects).
- BG: търсещ убежище
- CZ: žadatel o azyl
- DE: Asylbewerber (EU acquis) / Asylwerber (AT)
- EE: varjupaigataotleja
- EN: asylum seeker
- ES: solicitante de asilo
- FI: turvapaikanhakija
- FR: demandeur d’asile
- GA: iarratasóir ar thearmann
- GR: αιτών άσυλο
- HU: menedékkérő
- IT: richiedente asilo
- LT: prieglobsčio prašytojas
- LV: patvēruma meklētājs
- MT: Applikant(a) għall-ażil
- NL: asielzoeker
- NO: asylsøker (b) / asylsøkjar (n)
- PL: osoba ubiegająca się o nadanie statusu uchodźcy (azyl)
- PT: requerente de asilo
- RO: solicitant de azil
- SE: asylsökande
- SK: žiadateľ o udelenie azylu / žiadateľ o azyl
- SL: prosilec za azil
In the EU context, a third-country national or stateless person who has made an application for protection under the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol in respect of which a final decision has not yet been taken.
2. Outside EU legislation, the terms ‘asylum seeker’ or ‘asylum applicant’ are often used more frequently than ‘applicant for international protection’ in the everyday use of the term.
- BG: изключваща клауза
- CZ: exkluzivní klauzule, vylučovací klauzule
- DE: Ausschlussklausel
- EE: välistav klausel
- EN: exclusion clause
- ES: cláusula de exclusión
- FI: poissulkemislauseke
- FR: clause d’exclusion
- GA: clásal eisiaimh
- GR: ρήτρες αποκλεισμού
- HU: kizáró klauzulák
- IT: clausola di esclusione
- LT: prašymo atmetimo pagrindai
- LV: izslēgšanas noteikums
- MT: Klawsola ta’ tbarrija / t’esklużjoni
- NL: uitsluitingsgronden
- NO: unntaksbestemmelse (b) / unntaksføresegn (n)
- PL: klauzula wykluczająca
- PT: cláusulas de exclusão
- RO: cauză de excludere
- SE: undantagsklausul
- SK: doložka o vylúčení / vylučovacia klauzula / vylučovacie ustanovenie
- SL: izključitvena klavzula
Specifically, any of the provisions of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol, such as articles 1D, 1E and 1F, which mandatorily deny the benefits of refugee status to persons who already received UN or national protection, or to persons about whom there are good reasons to believe that they have committed a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non-political crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN (e.g. the persecution of others).
- BG: молба за убежище
- CZ: žádost o azyl
- DE: Asylantrag
- EE: varjupaigataotlus
- EN: application for asylum
- ES: solicitud de asilo
- FI: turvapaikkahakemus
- FR: demande d’asile
- GA: iarratas ar thearmann
- GR: αίτηση ασύλου
- HU: menedékjog iránti kérelem
- IT: domanda d’asilo
- LT: prašymas suteikti prieglobstį
- LV: patvēruma pieteikums
- MT: Talba / Applikazzjoni għall-ażil
- NL: asielverzoek (syn.: asielaanvraag)
- NO: asylsøknad
- PL: wniosek o azyl
- PT: pedido de asilo
- RO: cerere de azil
- SE: asylansökan
- SK: žiadosť o udelenie azylu / žiadosť o azyl
- SL: prošnja za azil
An application made by a foreigner or a stateless person which can be understood as a request for protection under the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol or national refugee law.
2. Outside EU legislation and in everyday use, the terms ‘asylum application’ and ‘application for asylum’ are often used more frequently than ‘application for international protection’.
3. According to Protocol 24 of TFEU on asylum for nationals of Member States of the European Union (1997), EU Member States shall be regarded as constituting safe countries of origin in respect of each other for all legal and practical purposes in relation to asylum matters. Accordingly, any application for asylum made by a national of an EU Member State is normally not taken into consideration. In practice, non-EU Member States can receive applications for asylum from EU Member States.
- BG: Пражки процес
- CZ: Pražský proces
- DE: Prager Prozess
- EE: Praha protsess
- EN: Prague Process
- ES: Proceso de Praga
- FI: Prahan prosessi
- FR: Processus de Prague
- GA: Próiseas Phrág
- HU: Prágai Folyamat
- IT: Processo di Praga
- LT: Prahos procesas
- LV: Prāgas process
- MT: Proċess (Il-) ta’ Praga
- NL: Praag-proces
- NO: Praha-prosessen
- PL: Proces Praski
- PT: Processo de Praga
- RO: Procesul Praga
- SE: Pragprocessen
- SK: Pražský proces
- SL: Praški proces
A process to strengthen cooperation in migration management between the European Union (EU) and 19 partner countries to the East (the Western Balkans, Eastern Europe, Turkey, Russia, Central Asia and Southern Caucasus).
2. Its activities extend across five areas:
(1) combating irregular migration;
(2) readmission, voluntary return and reintegration;
(3) legal migration;
(4) integration; and
(5) migration and development.
The process takes a comprehensive, balanced, pragmatic and operational approach, respecting the rights and human dignity of migrants and their family members, as well as of refugees.
3. For more information, see the website of the Prague Process.
- BG: първа страна на убежище
- CZ: první země azylu
- DE: erster Asylstaat / erstes Asylland
- EE: esmane varjupaigariik
- EN: first country of asylum
- ES: primer país de asilo
- FI: ensimmäinen turvapaikkamaa
- FR: pays de premier asile
- GA: an chéad tír thearmainn
- GR: πρώτης χώρας ασύλου
- HU: elsődleges befogadó állam
- IT: paese di primo asilo
- LT: pirmoji prieglobsčio šalis
- LV: pirmā patvēruma valsts
- MT: L-Ewwel art / pajjiż tal-ażil
- NL: eerste land van asiel
- NO: første asylland
- PL: kraj pierwszego azylu
- PT: primeiro país de asilo
- RO: prima ţară de azil
- SE: första asylland
- SK: prvá krajina azylu
- SL: prva država azila
(a) been recognised as a refugee and they can still avail themselves of that protection; or
(b) otherwise enjoys sufficient protection, including benefiting from the principle of non-refoulement, provided that they will be readmitted to that country.
2. In accordance with relevant legislation, an applicant shall be allowed to challenge the application of the first country of asylum concept in relation to their particular circumstances.
- BG: действие на преследване
- CZ: akt pronásledování
- DE: Verfolgungshandlung
- EE: tagakiusamisakt
- EN: act of persecution
- ES: actos de persecución
- FI: vainoksi katsottavat teot
- FR: actes de persécution
- GA: gníomh géarleanúna (iolra: gníomhartha géarleanúna)
- GR: πράξεις δίωξης
- HU: üldöz(tet)ésnek minősülő cselekmények
- IT: atti di persecuzione
- LT: persekiojimo veiksmas
- LV: vajāšanas darbība
- MT: Att ta’ persekuzzjoni
- NL: daden van vervolging
- NO: forfølgelseshandlinger (b) / forfølgingshandlingar (n)
- PL: prześladowanie
- PT: actos de perseguição
- RO: act de persecutie
- SE: förföljelse
- SK: čin prenasledovania / akt prenasledovania
- SL: dejanje preganjanja
In the EU context and within the meaning of Art. 1A of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol, acts which are
(a) sufficiently serious by their nature or repetition as to constitute a severe violation of basic human rights, in particular the rights from which derogation cannot be made under Art. 15(2) of the European Convention on Human Rights; or
(b) an accumulation of various measures, including violation of human rights which is sufficiently severe as to affect an individual in a similar manner as mentioned in (a).
a) acts of physical or mental violence, including acts of sexual violence;
b) legal, administrative, police, and/or judicial measures which are in themselves discriminatory or which are implemented in a discriminatory manner;
c) prosecution or punishment which is disproportionate or discriminatory;
d) denial of judicial redress resulting in a disproportionate or discriminatory punishment;
e) prosecution or punishment for refusal to perform military service in a conflict, where performing military service would include crimes or acts falling within the scope of the grounds for exclusion as set out in Art. 12(2);
(f) acts of a gender-specific or child-specific nature.
- BG: основания за преследване, посочени в Конвенцията за статута на бежанците
- CZ: důvody pro udělení azylu dle Ženevské úmluvy
- DE: Verfolgungsgründe (nach) der Genfer Konvention, Konventionsgründe
- EE: Genfi konventsioonis sätestatud tagakiusamise alused
- EN: Convention grounds for persecution
- ES: motivos de persecución Convenio de Ginebra de 1951 y Protocolo de 1967
- FI: Geneven yleissopimuksen mukaiset vainon perusteet
- FR: motifs de persécution au sens de la Convention de Genève
- GA: forais ghéarleanúna de réir Choinbhinsiún na Ginéive
- GR: λόγους δίωξης
- IT: cause di persecuzione ex Convenzione di Ginevra
- LT: persekiojimo pagrindai pagal Konvenciją
- LV: Ženēvas konvencijas noteiktie vajāšanas pamati
- MT: Motivi għall-persekuzzjoni skont il-Konvenzjoni
- NL: gronden voor vervolging in de zin van het Vluchtelingenverdrag
- NO: konvensjonsgrunnene for forfølgelse (b) / konvensjonsgrunnane for forfølging (n)
- RO: motive de persecutie stabilite de Conventia de la Geneva din 1951
- SE: konventionsgrunder för förföljelse
- SK: dôvody prenasledovania podľa Ženevského dohovoru
- SL: konvencijski razlogi za preganjanje / razlogi za preganjanje po Ženevski konvenciji iz 1951
2. The following definitions come into play when States attempt to determine who is and who is not a refugee :
- race is used in its broadest sense and includes ethnic and social groups of common descent;
- religion also has meaning, including identification with a group that tends to share common traditions or beliefs, as well as the active practice of religion;
- nationality includes an individual’s citizenship. Persecution of ethnic, linguistic and cultural groups within a population also may be termed persecution based on nationality;
- a particular social group refers to people who share a similar background, habits or social status. This category often overlaps with persecution based on one of the other four grounds. It has applied to families of capitalists, landowners, homosexuals, entrepreneurs and former members of the military;
- political opinion refers to ideas not tolerated by the authorities, including opinions critical of government policies and methods. It includes opinions attributed to individuals even if the individual does not in fact hold that opinion. Individuals who conceal their political opinions until after they have fled their countries may qualify for refugee status if they can show that their views are likely to subject them to persecution if they return home.
- BG: преследване
- CZ: pronásledování
- DE: Verfolgung
- EE: tagakiusamine
- EN: persecution
- ES: persecución
- FI: vaino
- FR: persécution
- GA: géarleanúint
- GR: δίωξη
- HU: üldöz(tet)és
- IT: persecuzione
- LT: persekiojimas
- LV: vajāšana
- MT: Persekuzzjoni
- NL: vervolging
- NO: forfølgelse (b) / forfølging (n)
- PL: prześladowanie
- PT: perseguição
- RO: persecuţie
- SE: förföljelse
- SK: prenasledovanie
- SL: preganjanje
Human rights abuses or other serious harm, often, but not always, with a systematic or repetitive element.
The core concept of persecution was deliberately not defined in the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol, to suggesting that the drafters intended it to be interpreted in a sufficiently flexible manner so as to encompass ever-changing forms of persecution.
- BG: разселено лице
- CZ: vysídlená osoba
- DE: Vertriebener
- EE: ümberasustatud isik
- EN: displaced person
- ES: población desplazada
- FI: siirtymään joutunut henkilö
- FR: personne déplacée
- GA: duine easáitithe
- GR: εκτοπισμένο πρόσωπο
- HU: lakóhelyét elhagyni kényszerült személy
- IT: sfollato
- LT: perkeltasis asmuo
- LV: pārvietota persona
- MT: Persuna sfollata // maqlugħa minn darha // li kellha tħalli darha
- NL: ontheemde
- NO: fordrevet person (b) / fordriven person (n)
- PL: osoba przesiedlona
- PT: deslocado
- RO: persoană strămutată
- SE: fördriven person
- SK: vysídlená osoba / vysídlenec (EU acquis) / odídenec (national law)
- SL: razseljena oseba
(i) a person who has fled areas of armed conflict or endemic violence;
(ii) a person at serious risk of, or who has been the victim of, systematic or generalised violations of their human rights.
- BG: презаселен бежанец
- CZ: přesídlený uprchlík
- DE: neuangesiedelter Flüchtling
- EE: ümberasustatud pagulane
- EN: resettled refugee
- ES: refugiado reasentado
- FI: uudelleensijoitettu pakolainen
- FR: réfugié réinstallé
- GA: dídeanaí athlonnaithe
- HU: áttelepített menekült
- IT: rifugiato reinsediato
- LT: perkeltas pabėgėlis
- LV: pārvietots bēglis
- MT: rifuġjat(a) risistemat(a)
- NL: programma voor uitgenodigde vluchtelingen (BE: programma voor hervestigde vluchteling)
- NO: overføringsflyktning
- PL: przesiedlony uchodźca
- RO: refugiat relocat
- SE: kvotflykting
- SK: presídlená osoba / presídlený utečenec / presídlenec
- SL: ponovno naseljeni begunec
In the EU context, a third-country national or stateless person who, on a resettlement request from UNHCR based on their need for international protection, are transferred from a third country to a Member State where they are permitted to reside with one of the following statuses:
(i) refugee status within the meaning of Art. 2(d) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) or
(ii) a status which offers the same rights and benefits under national and Union law as refugee status
2. In some cases, national authorities assess in addition as to whether the person concerned is a refugee.
3. There are different terms used in EU Member States depending on different legal concepts. In some Member States such refugees are accepted as part of a yearly resettlement programme.
4. IE uses the term ‘programme refugee’ in a wider context than ‘resettlement’ and defines in Section 24 of the Irish Refugee Act, 1996 as follows: ‘a person to whom leave to enter and remain in the State for temporary protection or resettlement as part of a group of persons has been given by the Government’.
- BG: програма за презаселване
- CZ: přesídlovací program
- DE: Neuansiedlungsprogramm
- EE: ümberasustamisprogramm
- EN: resettlement programme
- ES: programa de reasentamiento
- FI: uudelleensijoittamisohjelma
- FR: programme de réinstallation
- GA: clár athlonnaithe
- GR: πρόγραμμα μετεγκατάστασης
- HU: áttelepítési (letelepítési) program
- IT: programma di reinsediamento
- LT: perkėlimo programa
- LV: pārvietošanas programma
- MT: Programm ta’ risistemazzjoni
- NL: hervestigingsprogramma
- NO: gjenbosettingsprogram (b) / gjenbusetjingsprogram (n)
- PL: Program Przesiedleń
- PT: programa de reinstalação
- RO: program de relocare
- SE: program för vidarebosättning
- SK: presídľovací program / program presídľovania
- SL: program ponovne naselitve
In the EU context, voluntary programmes by which EU Member States aim to provide international protection and durable solutions in their territories to refugees and displaced persons identified as eligible for resettlement by UNHCR, and which include actions that the Member States implement to assess the resettlement needs and transfer the persons concerned to their territories, with a view to granting them a secure legal status and to promoting their effective integration.
EU context: Derived by EMN from Recital 18 of Decision 573/2007/EC establishing the European Refugee Fund
- BG: презаселване
- CZ: přesídlení
- DE: Neuansiedlung
- EE: ümberasustamine
- EN: resettlement
- ES: reasentamiento
- FI: uudelleensijoittaminen
- FR: réinstallation
- GA: athlonnú
- GR: επανεγκατάστασης
- HU: áttelepítés (letelepítés)
- IT: reinsediamento
- LT: perkėlimas
- LV: pārvietošana
- MT: Risistemazzjoni
- NL: hervestiging
- NO: gjenbosetting (b) / gjenbusetjing (n)
- PL: przesiedlenie
- PT: reinstalação
- RO: relocare
- SE: vidarebosättning
- SK: presídlenie / presídľovanie
- SL: ponovna naselitev
In the EU context, the transfer, on a request from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and based on their need for international protection, of a third-country national or stateless person, from a third country to an EU Member State, where they are permitted to reside with one of the following statuses:
(i) refugee status within the meaning of Art. 2(d) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)(ii) a status which offers the same rights and benefits under national and EU law as refugee status.
2. This term should not be confused with ‘relocation’.
- BG: преместване/ релокация
- CZ: relokace
- DE: Umverteilung
- EE: ümberasustamine
- EN: relocation
- ES: reubicación
- FI: sisäinen siirto
- FR: relocalisation
- GA: athlonnú
- HU: áthelyezés (relokáció)
- IT: ricollocazione
- LT: perkėlimas
- LV: pārvietošana
- MT: Rilokazzjoni
- NL: aanleg tot afwijzing van een verzoek om internationale
- NO: relokalisering
- PL: relokacja
- PT: recolocação
- RO: relocare
- SE: omplacering
- SK: premiestnenie (EU acquis) / relokácia
- SL: preselitev
- BG: no translation
- CZ: riskantní přesouvání
- DE: gefährliche Weiterwanderung
- EE: ohtlik (edasi) liikumine
- EN: harmful onward movement
- ES: movimientos irregulares peligrosos
- FI: vaarallisin keinoin siirtyminen (uudistermi)
- FR: mouvement secondaire dangereux
- GA: athghluaiseacht dhainséarach
- HU: két hely közötti veszélyes átjutás
- IT: spostamento pericoloso
- LT: pavojingas judėjimas pirmyn
- LV: bīstama pārvietošanās
- MT: Mogħdija ’l quddiem dannuża / ta’ ħsara
- NL: no translation
- NO: risikabel viderereise (b) / risikabel vidarereise (n)
- PL: niebezpieczne dalsze przemieszczanie się
- RO: mişcare de avansare periculoasă
- SE: farlig vidareförflyttning
- SK: riskantné presúvanie sa utečencov a migrantov
- SL: škodljivo gibanje, ki gre dalje / Škodljivo gibanje, ki se nadaljuje
The movement of refugees and migrants by dangerous means from one location to another.
This term has only been recently put into use by practitioners.
- BG: оценка на достоверността
- CZ: posouzení věrohodnosti; ověření věrohodnosti
- DE: Glaubwürdigkeitsprüfung / Prüfung der Glaubwürdigkeit
- EE: usaldusväärsuse (usutavuse) hindamine
- EN: credibility assessment
- ES: evaluación de la credibilidad
- FI: uskottavuusarviointi
- FR: évaluation de la crédibilité
- GA: measúnú creidiúnachta
- GR: αξιολόγηση της αξιοπιστίας
- HU: szavahihetőség értékelése
- IT: valutazione di credibilità
- LT: patikimumo vertinimas
- LV: ticamības novērtējums
- MT: Evalwazzjoni tal-kredibilità
- NL: beoordeling van de geloofwaardigheid
- NO: vurdering av troverdighet (b) / vurdering av truverd (n)
- PL: ocena wiarygodności
- RO: evaluarea credibilitatii
- SE: trovärdighetsbedömning
- SK: preukazovanie dôveryhodnosti
- SL: ocena zanesljivosti
The process of gathering relevant information from the applicant for international protection, examining it in the light of all the information available to the case worker in procedures for international protection, for the purpose of the determination of qualification for refugee status and / or subsidiary protection status.
2. Credibility is established where the applicant has presented a claim which is coherent and plausible, not contradicting generally known facts, and therefore is, on balance, capable of being believed.
- BG: лице, което отговаря на условията за субсидиарна закрила
- CZ: osoba, která má nárok na doplňkovou ochranu
- DE: Person mit Anspruch auf subsidiären Schutz
- EE: täiendava kaitse saamise nõuetele vastav isik
- EN: person eligible for subsidiary protection
- ES: persona con derecho a protección subsidiaria
- FI: henkilö, joka voi saada toissijaista suojelua
- FR: personne pouvant bénéficier de la protection subsidiaire
- GA: duine atá i dteideal cosaint choimhdeach
- GR: άτομο επιλέξιμο για επικουρική προστασία
- HU: kiegészítő védelemben részesített személy / oltalmazott
- IT: persona avente titolo a beneficiare della protezione sussidiaria
- LT: papildomą apsaugą galintis gauti asmuo
- LV: persona, kura tiesīga uz alternatīvo statusu
- MT: Persuna eliġibbli għal protezzjoni sussidjarja
- NL: persoon die voor subsidiaire bescherming in aanmerking komt
- NO: person som har krav på subsidiær beskyttelse (b) / person som har krav på subsidiært vern (n)
- PL: osoba kwalifikująca się do ochrony uzupełniającej
- PT: pessoa elegível para protecção subsidiária
- RO: persoană eligibilă pentru protecţie subsidiară
- SE: person som uppfyller kraven för att betecknas som subsidiärt skyddsbehövande
- SK: osoba oprávnená na doplnkovú ochranu
- SL: oseba upravičena do subsidiarne zaščite
A third-country national or a stateless person who does not qualify as a refugee but in respect of whom substantial grounds have been shown for believing that the person concerned, if returned to their country of origin, or in the case of a stateless person, to their country of former habitual residence, would face a real risk of suffering serious harm as defined in Art. 15 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and to whom Art. 17(1) and (2) of said Directive do not apply, and is unable, or, owing to such risk, unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country.
- BG: субсидиарна закрила
- CZ: doplňková ochrana
- DE: subsidiärer Schutz
- EE: täiendav kaitse
- EN: subsidiary protection
- ES: protección subsidiaria
- FI: toissijainen suojelu
- FR: protection subsidiaire
- GA: cosaint choimhdeach
- GR: επικουρική προστασία
- HU: kiegészítő védelem
- IT: protezione sussidiaria
- LT: papildoma apsauga
- LV: alternatīvā aizsardzība
- MT: Protezzjoni sussidjarja
- NL: subsidiaire bescherming
- NO: subsidiær beskyttelse (b) / subsidiært vern (n)
- PL: ochrona (uzupełniająca)
- PT: ochrona (uzupełniająca)
- RO: protecţie subsidiară
- SE: subsidiärt skydd
- SK: doplnková ochrana
- SL: subsidiarna zaščita
The protection given to a third-country national or a stateless person who does not qualify as a refugee but in respect of whom substantial grounds have been shown for believing that the person concerned, if returned to their country of origin, or in the case of a stateless person to their country of former habitual residence, would face a real risk of suffering serious harm as defined in Art. 15 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive), and to whom Art. 17(1) and (2) of this Directive do not apply, and is unable or, owing to such risk, unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country.
This term is not used in UK (see ‘humanitarian protection’).
- BG: бежанско право
- CZ: uprchlické právo
- DE: Flüchtlingsrecht
- EE: varjupaigaõigus
- EN: refugee law
- ES: legislación de asilo
- FI: pakolaisoikeus
- FR: droit des réfugiés
- GA: dlíthe um dhídeanaithe
- GR: προσφυγικό Δίκαιο
- HU: menekültjog
- IT: legislazione sull’asilo
- LT: pabėgėlių teisė
- LV: [starptautiskās] bēgļu tiesības
- MT: Liġi / Att dwar ir-rifuġjati
- NL: vluchtelingenrecht
- NO: flyktningrett
- PL: prawo uchodźcze
- PT: legislação de asilo
- RO: legislaţia cu privire la refugiaţi
- SE: flyktingrätt
- SK: utečenecké právo
- SL: begunsko pravo
The body of customary international and European Union (EU) law and instruments that establish standards for refugee protection.
- BG: бежанец на място / бежанец sur place
- CZ: uprchlík na místě; uprchlík „sur place“
- DE: Flüchtling sur place
- EE: sur place pagulane
- EN: refugee sur place
- ES: refugiado sobrevenido
- FI: sur place -pakolainen
- FR: réfugié sur place
- GA: dídeanaí sur place
- GR: επί τόπου
- HU: sur place menekült
- IT: rifugiato sur place
- LT: pabėgėlis sur place
- LV: bēglis sur place
- MT: Rifuġjat(a) sur place
- NL: vluchteling „sur place” (NL syn. réfugié sur place)
- NO: sur place-flyktning
- PL: uchodźca sur place / uchodźca na miejscu
- PT: refugiados sur place
- RO: refugiat sur place
- SE: flykting ”sur place”
- SK: utečenec sur place / utečenec „na mieste“
- SL: begunec sur place
In the EU context, a person granted refugee status based on international protection needs which arose sur place, i.e. on account of events which took place after they left their country of origin.
Refugees sur place may owe their fear of persecution to a coup d’état in their home country, or to the introduction or intensification of repressive or persecutory policies after their departure. A claim in this category may also be based on bona fide political activities, undertaken in the country of residence or refuge.
- BG: no translation
- CZ: uprchlík
- DE: statutärer Flüchtling
- EE: statuudipagulane
- EN: statutory refugee
- ES: refugiado bajo instrumentos anteriores a la Convención de 1951
- FI: pakolaisaseman saanut henkilö / sääntömääräinen pakolainen
- FR: réfugié statutaire
- GA: dídeanaí de réir reachta
- GR: πρόσφυγας σύμφωνα με το νόμο
- HU: történelmi menekült
- IT: rifugiato titolare dello status prima della Convenzione di Ginevra del 1951
- LT: pabėgėlis pagal susitarimus
- LV: [Ženēvas konvencijas] statūtbēglis
- MT: Rifuġjat(a) statutarju(-a)
- NL: erkende vluchteling (syn.: verdragsvluchteling)
- NO: statuttflyktning
- PL: uchodźca statutowy
- PT: refugiados estatutários
- RO: refugiat statutar
- SE: konventionsflykting
- SK: štatutárny utečenec
- SL: statusni begunec
Person considered to be a refugee (according to the criteria of Art. 1A(I) of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol) under the provision of the international instruments preceding the Geneva Convention of 1951 or a person who has been recognised as a refugee by the former International Refugee Organisation during the period of its activities.
2. This type of status is normally no longer granted, although the term is still used by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in its activities.
- BG: бежанец по мандата на Върховния комисар на ООН за бежанците (ВКБООН)
- CZ: mandatorní uprchlík
- DE: Mandatsflüchtling
- EE: mandaadipagulane
- EN: mandate refugee
- ES: refugiado (bajo mandato)
- FI: mandaattipakolainen
- FR: réfugié relevant du mandat du HCR
- GA: dídeanaí de réir sainordú
- GR: πρόσφυγας εντολής
- HU: mandátumos menekült
- IT: rifugiato ex Mandato
- LT: pabėgėlis pagal mandatą
- LV: UNHCR mandāta bēglis
- MT: Rifuġjat(a) b’digriet / b’mandat
- NL: mandaatvluchteling
- NO: overføringsflyktning
- PL: uchodźca mandatowy
- PT: refugiados (Mandato)
- RO: refugiat sub mandat UNHCR
- SE: vertimo nėra
- SK: mandátny utečenec
- SL: mandatni begunec
A person who meets the criteria of the UNHCR Statute and qualifies for the protection of the UN provided by the High Commissioner for Refugees, regardless of whether or not they are in a country that is a party to the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol, or whether or not they have been recognised by the host country as a refugee under either of these instruments.
- BG: бежанец съгласно Конвенцията за статута на бежанците от 1951 г.
- CZ: azylant
- DE: Konventionsflüchtling
- EE: konventsioonipagulane
- EN: Convention refugee
- ES: refugiado (en términos de la Convención de Ginebra)
- FI: Geneven yleissopimuksen mukainen pakolainen
- FR: réfugié au sens de la Convention de Genève
- GA: dídeanaí de réir Choinbhinsiún na Ginéive
- GR: πρόσφυγας (σύμφωνα με την συνθήκη της Γενέυης)
- HU: konvenciós menekült
- IT: rifugiato ex Convenzione di Ginevra
- LT: pabėgėlis pagal Konvenciją
- LV: bēglis Ženēvas konvencijas izpratnē
- MT: Rifuġjat(a) skont il-Konvenzjoni ta’ Ġinevra
- NL: verdragsvluchteling
- NO: konvensjonsflyktning
- PL: uchodźca konwencyjny
- PT: refugiado (na acepção da Convenção de Genebra de 1951 relativa aos refugiados)
- RO: refugiat în baza convenţiei de la Geneva
- SE: konventionsflykting
- SK: utečenec podľa Ženevského dohovoru
- SL: konvencijski begunec /begunec po Ženevski konvenciji
Person recognized as a refugee by States under the criteria in Art. 1A of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol, and entitled to the enjoyment of a variety of rights under that Convention.
- BG: бежанец вследствие на (гражданска) война
- CZ: uprchlík z důvodu (občanské) války
- DE: (Bürger-)Kriegsflüchtling
- EE: sõjapõgenik
- EN: (civil) war refugee
- ES: refugiado por conflictos bélicos
- FI: ([sisällis]sota)pakolainen
- FR: réfugié de guerre (civile)
- GA: dídeanaí cogaidh chathartha
- GR: πρόσφυγας εμφυλίου πολέμου
- HU: (polgár) háborús menekült
- IT: rifugiato a causa di una guerra civile
- LT: pabėgėlis dėl (pilietinio) karo
- LV: [pilsoņu] kara bēglis
- MT: Rifuġjat(a) minħabba gwerra (ċivili)
- NL: [burger]oorlogsvluchteling
- NO: (borger)krigsflyktning (b) / (borgar)krigsflyktning (n)
- PL: uchodźca wojenny
- PT: refugiados de guerra
- RO: refugiat de razboi (civil)
- SE: krigsflykting
- SK: utečenec z dôvodu (občianskej) vojny
- SL: (civilni) vojni begunec
A person who leaves their country to escape from the effects of armed conflicts (direct effects of fighting, assaults of combat troops, displacements etc.).
2. If there is a mass influx to the EU of such persons who have been displaced, they may also be eligible for temporary protection in accordance with Council Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection Directive).
- BG: бежанец
- CZ: uprchlík
- DE: Flüchtling
- EE: pagulane
- EN: refugee
- ES: refugiado
- FI: pakolainen
- FR: réfugié
- GA: dídeanaí
- GR: πρόσφυγας
- HU: menekült
- IT: rifugiato
- LT: pabėgėlis
- LV: bēglis
- MT: Rifuġjat(a)
- NL: vluchteling
- NO: flyktning
- PL: uchodźca
- PT: refugiado
- RO: refugiat
- SE: flykting
- SK: utečenec (international law, EU acquis) / azylant (national law)
- SL: begunec
In the EU context, either a third-country national who, owing to a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership of a particular social group, is outside the country of nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country, or a stateless person, who, being outside of the country of former habitual residence for the same reasons as mentioned above, is unable or, owing to such fear, unwilling to return to it, and to whom Art. 12 (Exclusion) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) does not apply.
- BG: групово определяне на статут на бежанец
- CZ: vertimo nėra
- DE: Gruppenfeststellung der Flüchtlingseigenschaft
- EE: grupi pagulasseisundi kindlaksmääramine
- EN: group determination of refugee status
- ES: determinación colectiva de la condición de refugiado
- FI: pakolaisaseman ryhmämäärittäminen
- FR: détermination collective du statut de réfugié
- GA: stádas dídeanaí a chinneadh ar bhun grúpa
- GR: Ομάδα για τον καθορισμό του καθεστώτος του πρόσφυγα
- HU: we do not use this term, it could be translated as „csoportos elismerés menekültként”
- IT: riconoscimento collettivo dello status di rifugiato
- LT: pabėgėlio statuso suteikimas asmenų grupei
- LV: bēgļa statusa noteikšana grupai
- MT: Għarfien kollettiv tal-istatus ta’ rifuġjat
- NL: vaststelling van prima facie vluchtelingschap (syn.: vaststelling van vluchtelingschap zonder meer)
- NO: gruppeavgjørelse av flyktningstatus (b) / gruppeavgjerd av flyktningestatus (n)
- PL: grupowe uznanie statusu uchodźcy
- PT: determinação colectiva do estatuto de refugiado (refugiados prima facie)
- RO: determinarea statutului de refugiat în cazul unui grup
- SE: vertimo nėra
- SK: skupinové určenie štatútu utečenca
- SL: skupinsko določanje statusa begunca
A practice by which all persons forming part of a large-scale influx are regarded as refugees on a prima facie basis, ensuring that protection and assistance needs are met without prior individual determination of refugee status.
Refugee status must normally be determined on an individual basis, but when large populations are displaced under circumstances that indicate that most members of the population could individually be considered refugees, and where the need to provide protection and assistance is urgent and / or where it may not be possible for practical reasons to carry out an individual determination of refugee status, each member of that population in question can be regarded prima facie (in the absence of evidence to the contrary) as a refugee. In other words, the presumption is that individual members of the population concerned would be considered as refugees in need of protection. For more information, see UNHCR: Refugee status determination 2005.
- BG: отнемане на бежански статут
- CZ: odnětí postavení uprchlíka
- DE: Entziehung / Aberkennung der Flüchtlingseigenschaft
- EE: pagulasseisundi kehtetuks tunnistamine
- EN: withdrawal of refugee status
- ES: retirada del estatuto de refugiado
- FI: pakolaisaseman poistaminen /lakkauttaminen / peruuttaminen
- FR: retrait du statut de réfugié
- GA: stádas dídeanaí a tharraingt siar
- GR: ανάκληση καθεστώτος πρόσφυγα
- HU: menekültügyi státusz visszavonása
- IT: revoca dello status di rifugiato
- LT: pabėgėlio statuso panaikinimas
- LV: bēgļa statusa zaudēšana
- MT: Revoka / Kanċellazzjoni / Tneħħija tal-istatus ta’ refuġjat
- NL: intrekking van de internationale beschermingsstatus
- NO: tilbakekall av flyktningstatus (b) / attendekalling av flyktningstatus (n)
- PL: cofnięcie statusu uchodźcy
- PT: retirada do estatuto de refugiado
- RO: retragerea statutului de refugiat
- SE: återkallande av flyktingstatus
- SK: odňatie postavenia [statusu, štatútu] utečenca (EU acquis)
- SL: preklic statusa begunca
The decision by a competent authority to revoke, end or refuse to renew the refugee status of a person in accordance with Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive).
- BG: статут на бежанец
- CZ: postavení uprchlíka
- DE: Flüchtlingsstatus
- EE: pagulasseisund
- EN: refugee status
- ES: estatuto de refugiado
- FI: pakolaisasema
- FR: statut de réfugié
- GA: stádas dídeanaí
- GR: καθεστώς πρόσφυγα
- HU: menekült státusz
- IT: status di rifugiato
- LT: pabėgėlio statusas
- LV: bēgļa statuss
- MT: Status ta’ rifuġjat(a)
- NL: vluchtelingenstatus
- NO: flyktningstatus
- PL: status uchodźcy
- PT: estatuto de refugiado
- RO: statutul de refugiat
- SE: flyktingstatus
- SK: postavenie utečenca (EU acquis) / status utečenca / štatút utečenca
- SL: status begunca
The recognition by an EU Member State of a third-country national or stateless person as a refugee.
- BG: no translation
- CZ: cizinec, kterému brání ve vycestování překážka na jeho vůli nezávislá
- DE: gestrandeter Migrant (term is not used in AT,DE, LU)
- EE: juhusisserändaja (no usual translation)
- EN: stranded migrant
- ES: migrante desamparado
- FI: maahan jäämään joutunut siirtolainen / no usual translation
- FR: migrant en détresse
- GA: imirceach sáinnithe
- HU: megfeneklett migránsok
- IT: migrante bloccato
- LT: migrantas, atsidūręs sunkioje padėtyje
- LV: grūtā stāvoklī nonācis migrants
- MT: Migrant(a) imwaħħal (imwaħħla) fil-post
- NL: gestrande migrant
- NO: migrant med påtvunget opphold (b) / migrant med påtvinga opphald (n)
- PL: migrant przymusowy
- RO: migrant forţat să rămână pe teritoriu
- SE: strandad migrant
- SK: uviaznutý migrant
- SL: ujeti migrant / nasedli migrant
A migrant who for reasons beyond their control has been unintentionally forced to stay in a country.
According to UNESCO, migrants may become stranded due to circumstances in the country of origin, a position of prolonged detention or practical difficulties. Stranded migrants may be individuals whose claim for refugee status has been rejected.
3. For further information, see UNESCO’s People on the Move Handbook.
- BG: социален пол
- CZ: gender
- DE: soziales Geschlecht
- EE: sugu
- EN: gender
- ES: género
- FI: sukupuoli
- FR: genre
- GA: inscne
- GR: γένος
- HU: (társadalmi) nem(i szerep)
- IT: genere
- LT: lytis
- LV: dzimums
- MT: Ġeneru / Ġens / Sess
- NL: gender
- NO: kjønn
- PL: gender, płeć społeczno-kulturowa
- PT: género
- RO: gen
- SE: genus
- SK: rod
- SL: spol
The socially constructed attributes, roles, activities, responsibilities and needs predominantly connected to being male or female in given societies or communities at a given time.
2. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) use the following definition of 'gender identity': '"Each person's deeply felt internal and individual experience of gender, which may or may not correspond with the sex assigned at birth, including the personal sense of the body - which may involve, if chosen, modification of bodily appearance or function by medical, surgical or other means - and other expressions of gender, including of dress, speech and mannerism (see ICJ, Yogyakarta Principles - Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, ('Yogyakarta Principles'), March 2007 )
- BG: изтезания
- CZ: mučení
- DE: Folter
- EE: piinamine
- EN: torture
- ES: tortura
- FI: kidutus
- FR: torture
- GA: céasadh
- HU: kínzás
- IT: tortura
- LT: kankinimas
- LV: spīdzināšana
- MT: Tortura
- NL: foltering
- NO: tortur
- PL: tortury
- RO: tortură
- SE: tortyr
- SK: mučenie
- SL: mučenje
In the context of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, deliberate inhuman treatment causing very serious and cruel suffering.
2.The right to freedom from torture is enshrined in many international treaties, most notably the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the UN Convention against Torture (UNCAT). The acceptance that torture is forbidden under any circumstances, including war, public emergency or terrorist threat, indicates that universally it is considered as a fundamental principle of customary international law. This means that even States that have not ratified any of the international treaties explicitly prohibiting torture are banned from using it against anyone, anywhere, under any circumstances.
3. Regional conventions, such as the European Convention on Human Rights (Art. 3) and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (Art. 4), also recognise torture as a prohibited act.
4. Both the UNCAT and the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol expressly prohibit the forced return of an asylum seeker to a country where they may be at risk of torture.
5. In the EU, Art. 21 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Receptions Conditions Directive) explicitly considers the situation of vulnerable asylum seekers with special needs, including victims of torture. EU Member States are obliged to identify victims of torture within the asylum procedure and to assess whether they have special reception needs, including the need to access appropriate medical and psychological treatment or care.
- BG: Върховен комисар на ООН за бежанците
- CZ: Vysoký komisař OSN pro uprchlíky
- DE: Hoher Flüchtlingskommissar der Vereinten Nationen
- EE: ÜRO pagulaste ülemvolinik
- EN: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- ES: Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados
- FI: Yhdistyneiden kansakuntien pakolaisasiain päävaltuutettu
- FR: Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés
- GA: Ard-Choimisinéir na Náisiún Aontaithe do Dhídeanaithe
- HU: Az Egyesült Nemzetek Menekültügyi Főbiztosa
- IT: Alto Commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i Rifugiati
- LT: Jungtinių Tautų vyriausiasis pabėgėlių reikalų komisaras
- LV: Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācijas Augstais komisārs bēgļu lietās
- MT: Kummissjoni (Il-) Għolja għar-Rifuġjati tan‑Nazzjonijiet Uniti
- NL: Hoog Commissariaat der Verenigde Naties voor Vluchtelingen
- NO: FNs høykommissær for flyktninger (b) / FNs høgkommissær for flyktningar (n)
- PL: Wysoki Komisarz Narodów Zjednoczonych do Spraw Uchodżców
- RO: Înaltul Comisariat al Naţiunilor Unite pentru Refugiaţi / Înatul Comisariat ONU pentru Refugiaţi
- SE: FN:s flyktingorgan
- SK: Úrad Vysokého komisára OSN pre utečencov
- SL: Visoki komisariat Združenih narodov za begunce
The refugee agency of the United Nations (UN) mandated to lead and coordinate international action to protect refugees and resolve refugee problems worldwide, and to safeguard the rights and well-being of refugees.
2. The Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol is the basic statute guiding the UNHCR’s work. The functions of the UNHCR are defined in the Statute of the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, which was adopted by the General Assembly on 14 December 1950.
3. For further information, see the website of the UNHCR.
- BG: no usual translation
- CZ: exodus
- DE: Exodus
- EE: massiline väljaränne
- EN: exodus
- ES: éxodo
- FI: joukkopako
- FR: fuite massive
- GA: imeacht
- GR: έξοδος
- HU: kivándorlás
- IT: esodo
- LT: išvykimas
- LV: masveida izceļošana
- MT: Eżodu
- NL: uittocht (syn.: exodus)
- NO: masseutvandring / masseflukt
- PL: exodus
- PT: exôdo
- RO: exod
- SE: massflykt
- SK: exodus / hromadný odchod
- SL: eksodus / množična emigracija
Movements in groups (isolated and sporadic) out of a country of origin in large numbers or of a section of the community at a given time.
A similar definition is also used in the UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology definition.
- BG: Комитет по имиграция и убежище
- CZ: Výbor pro přistěhovalectví a azyl
- DE: Ausschuss für Einwanderung und Asyl
- EE: sisserände- ja varjupaigakomitee
- EN: Committee on Immigration and Asylum
- ES: Comité de Inmigración y Asilo
- FI: Maahanmuutto- ja turvapaikka-asioiden komitea
- FR: Comité sur l’immigration et l’asile
- GA: An Coiste um Inimrice agus Thearmann
- GR: Επιτροπή για τη Μετανάστευση και το Άσυλο
- HU: Bevándorlási és Menekültügyi Bizottság
- IT: Comitato Immigrazione e Asilo
- LT: Imigracijos ir prieglobsčio komitetas
- LV: Imigrācijas un patvēruma komiteja
- MT: Kumitat dwar l-Immigrazzjoni u l-Ażil
- NL: Comité voor immigratie en asiel
- NO: Komiteen for innvandrings- og asylspørsmål
- PL: Komitet ds. Imigracji i Azylu
- PT: Comité Imigração e Asilo
- RO: Comitetul Imigraţie şi Azil
- SE: kommittén för frågor om invandring och asyl
- SK: Výbor pre prisťahovalectvo a azyl
- SL: Odbor za priseljevanje in azil
A European Commission-led expert group aimed at facilitating an informal exchange of views between EU Member State administrations and the Commission services on political and legal issues related to migration, border and asylum.
2. The CIA is also used as a forum for collecting information on the situation in EU Member States (via questionnaires) on selected policy-relevant issues and where the Commission can report to EU Member States on its activities.
3. Participants from EU Member States are nominated on an ad-hoc basis; normally both ‘generalists’ from the Permanent Representations and ‘specialists’ from the capitals are present. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and international organisations such as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) or the International Organization for Migration (IOM) are sometimes invited to join discussions of the CIA as active observers.
4. For more information, see the European Commission Register of Commission Expert Groups.
- BG: трайни решения
- CZ: trvalé řešení
- DE: dauerhafte Lösung
- EE: püsivad lahendused
- EN: durable solutions
- ES: soluciones duraderas
- FI: kestävät ratkaisut
- FR: solutions durables
- GA: buanréitigh; réitigh mharthanacha (uatha: buanréiteach; réiteach marthanach)
- GR: ανθεκτική λύση
- HU: a fenntarthatóságot szolgáló intézkedések
- IT: soluzione durevole
- LT: ilgalaikiai sprendimai
- LV: ilgtspējīgi risinājumi
- MT: Soluzzjonijiet dewwiema / li jibqgħu fis-seħħ
- NL: duurzame oplossing
- NO: varige løsninger (b) / varige løysingar (n)
- PL: trwałe rozwiązania
- RO: solutii durabile
- SE: hållbara lösningar
- SK: trvalé riešenia / trvácne riešenia (depending on the context)
- SL: trajne rešitve
Any means by which the situation of refugees can be satisfactorily and permanently resolved to enable them to live normal lives.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) traditionally pursues the durable solutions of voluntary repatriation, local integration and resettlement.
- BG: окончателно решение
- CZ: pravomocné rozhodnutí
- DE: rechtskräftige Entscheidung
- EE: jõustunud otsus
- EN: final decision
- ES: resolución definitiva
- FI: lainvoimainen päätös
- FR: décision finale
- GA: cinneadh críochnaitheach
- GR: οριστική απόφαση
- HU: jogerős határozat
- IT: decisione definitiva
- LT: galutinis sprendimas
- LV: galīgais lēmums
- MT: Deċiżjoni finali
- NL: onherroepelijke beslissing
- NO: endelig vedtak (b) /endeleg avgjerd (n)
- PL: ostateczna decyzja
- PT: decisão final
- RO: decizie finală
- SE: slutligt beslut
- SK: konečné rozhodnutie
- SL: dokončna odločba / pravnomočna odločba
A decision on whether the third-country national or stateless person be granted refugee status or subsidiary protection status by virtue of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and which is no longer subject to a remedy within the framework of Chapter V of this Directive, irrespective of whether such remedy has the effect of allowing applicants to remain in the EU Member State concerned pending its outcome.
- BG: разселено лице по екологични причини
- CZ: enviromentální uprchlík
- DE: Umweltvertriebener
- EE: keskkonnapõhjustel ümberasustatud isik
- EN: environmentally displaced person
- ES: población desplazada por motivos medioambientales
- FI: ympäristötekijöiden vuoksi siirtymään joutunut
- FR: personne déplacée pour des raisons environnementales
- GA: duine easáitithe de dheasca dálaí comhshaoil
- GR: εσωτερικώς εκτοπισμένο άτομο (για περιβαλλοντικούς λόγους)
- HU: lakóhelyét környezeti okból elhagyni kényszerült személy
- IT: sfollato per motivi ambientali
- LT: dėl ekologinių priežasčių perkeltas asmuo
- LV: vides faktoru ietekmē pārvietota persona
- MT: Persuna sfollata għal raġunijiet ambjentali
- NL: door milieufactoren verdreven ontheemde (not commonly used in NL)
- NO: person fordrevet på grunn av miljøskader (b) / person fordriven på grunn av miljøskadar (n)
- PL: osoba przesiedlona z powodu środowiska naturalnego
- PT: deslocado ambiental
- RO: persoană strămutată din cauze legate de mediul înconjurător
- SE: fördriven person (på grund av miljökatastrof)
- SK: osoba vysídlená z environmentálnych dôvodov
- SL: okoljsko razseljena oseba
A person subject to forced migration as a result of sudden, drastic environmental changes.
Environmentally displaced persons are sometimes referred to as environmental refugees, but this is a misuse of the term 'refugee' as they are not refugees in the strict sense of Art. 1A of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol, although their migration is forced.
- BG: Обща европейска система за убежище
- CZ: Společný evropský azylový systém
- DE: Gemeinsames Europäisches Asylsystem
- EE: ühtne Euroopa varjupaigasüsteem
- EN: Common European Asylum System
- ES: Sistema Europeo Común de Asilo
- FI: Euroopan yhteinen turvapaikkajärjestelmä
- FR: régime d’asile européen commun
- GA: Comhchóras Tearmainn Eorpach
- GR: Κοινό Ευρωπαϊκό Σύστημα Ασύλου
- HU: Közös Európai Menekültügyi Rendszer
- IT: Sistema europeo comune di asilo
- LT: bendra Europos prieglobsčio sistema
- LV: Kopējā Eiropas patvēruma sistēma
- MT: Sistema Ewropea Komuni għall-Ażil
- NL: Gemeenschappelijk Europees Asielstelsel
- NO: Det felles europeiske asylsystemet
- PL: Wspólny Europejski System Azylowy
- PT: Sistema Europeu Comum de Asilo
- RO: Sistemul European Comun de Azil
- SE: gemensamt europeiskt asylsystem
- SK: Spoločný európsky azylový systém
- SL: Skupni evropski azilni sistem
A framework of agreed rules which establish common procedures for international protection and a uniform status for those who are granted refugee status or subsidiary protection based on the full and inclusive application of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol and which aims to ensure fair and humane treatment of applicants for international protection, to harmonise asylum systems in the EU and reduce the differences between Member States on the basis of binding legislation, as well as to strengthen practical cooperation between national asylum administrations and the external dimension of asylum.
(a) a uniform status of asylum for nationals of third countries, valid throughout the European Union;
(b) a uniform status of subsidiary protection for nationals of third countries who, without obtaining European asylum, are in need of international protection;
(c) a common system of temporary protection for displaced persons in the event of a massive inflow;
(d) common procedures for the granting and withdrawing of uniform asylum or subsidiary protection status;
(e) criteria and mechanisms for determining which Member State is responsible for considering an application for asylum or subsidiary protection;
(f) standards concerning the conditions for the reception of applicants for asylum or subsidiary protection;
(g) partnership and cooperation with third countries for the purpose of managing inflows of people applying for asylum or subsidiary or temporary protection.
- BG: минимални стандарти
- CZ: minimální normy
- DE: Minimumstandards
- EE: miinimumnõuded
- EN: minimum standards
- ES: normas mínimas
- FI: vähimmäisvaatimukset
- FR: normes minimales
- GA: íoschaighdeáin
- HU: minimumszabályok
- IT: norme minime
- LT: būtiniausi reikalavimai
- LV: minimālie standarti
- MT: Livelli standard minimi
- NL: minimumnormen
- NO: minimumsstandard
- PL: minimalne standardy
- RO: standarde minime
- SE: miniminormer
- SK: minimálne pravidlá / minimálne štandardy
- SL: minimalni standardi
In an asylum context, a number of principles in relation to procedures for international protection , to reception conditions , and to the refugee definition established by the Treaty of Amsterdam from which EU Member States cannot derogate.
In the Tampere Agreement, and then reaffirmed by the Hague Programme, EU Member States agreed to go beyond minimum standards and develop a Common European Asylum System (CEAS) based on a common asylum procedure and a uniform status for those who are granted international protection .
- BG: групово преследване
- CZ: vertimo nėra
- DE: Gruppenverfolgung
- EE: grupi tagakiusamine
- EN: group persecution
- ES: vertimo nėra
- FI: ryhmään kohdistuva vaino
- FR: persécution à l’encontre d’un groupe
- GA: géarleanúint grúpa
- GR: Δίωξη (ομάδα)
- HU: vertimo nėra
- IT: persecuzione di gruppo
- LT: asmenų grupės persekiojimas
- LV: grupas vajāšana
- MT: Persekuzzjoni ta’ grupp(-i) ta’ nies
- NL: groepsvervolging
- NO: forfølgelse av en gruppes medlemmer (b) / forfølging av medlemmene av ei gruppe (n)
- PL: grupowe prześladowanie
- PT: grupo alvo de perseguição
- RO: persecuţie de grup
- SE: förföljelse av en grupp
- SK: prenasledovanie skupiny
- SL: skupinsko preganjanje
A concept
2. With consideration to the general principle of subsidiarity in refugee law, group persecution will only entitle a refugee to protection abroad, if the danger is present in the entire territory of the country of origin, i.e. if there is no internal alternative for protection. For the purposes of the danger of persecution after return, such an internal flight alternative must be reasonable and accessible from the country of refuge.
3. For more information on group persecution, see the European Database of Asylum Law (EDAL) , i.e. German Federal Administrative Court, ruling of 12 April 2009 – 10 C 11.08.
- BG: закрила
- CZ: ochrana
- DE: Schutz
- EE: kaitse
- EN: protection
- ES: protección
- FI: suojelu
- FR: protection
- GA: cosaint
- GR: προστασία
- HU: védelem
- IT: protezione
- LT: apsauga
- LV: aizsardzība
- MT: Protezzjoni / Ħarsien
- NL: bescherming
- NO: beskyttelse (b) / vern (n)
- PL: ochrona
- PT: protecção
- RO: protecţie
- SE: skydd
- SK: ochrana
- SL: zaščita
A concept that encompasses all activities aimed at obtaining full respect for the rights of the individual in accordance with the letter and spirit of human rights, refugee and international humanitarian law.
Protection involves creating an environment conducive to respect for human beings, preventing and / or alleviating the immediate effects of a specific pattern of abuse, and restoring dignified conditions of life through reparation, restitution and rehabilitation.
- BG: лице, което отговаря на условията за субсидиарна закрила
- CZ: osoba, která má nárok na doplňkovou ochranu
- DE: Person mit Anspruch auf subsidiären Schutz
- EE: täiendava kaitse saamise nõuetele vastav isik
- EN: person eligible for subsidiary protection
- ES: persona con derecho a protección subsidiaria
- FI: henkilö, joka voi saada toissijaista suojelua
- FR: personne pouvant bénéficier de la protection subsidiaire
- GA: duine atá i dteideal cosaint choimhdeach
- GR: άτομο επιλέξιμο για επικουρική προστασία
- HU: kiegészítő védelemben részesített személy / oltalmazott
- IT: persona avente titolo a beneficiare della protezione sussidiaria
- LT: papildomą apsaugą galintis gauti asmuo
- LV: persona, kura tiesīga uz alternatīvo statusu
- MT: Persuna eliġibbli għal protezzjoni sussidjarja
- NL: persoon die voor subsidiaire bescherming in aanmerking komt
- NO: person som har krav på subsidiær beskyttelse (b) / person som har krav på subsidiært vern (n)
- PL: osoba kwalifikująca się do ochrony uzupełniającej
- PT: pessoa elegível para protecção subsidiária
- RO: persoană eligibilă pentru protecţie subsidiară
- SE: person som uppfyller kraven för att betecknas som subsidiärt skyddsbehövande
- SK: osoba oprávnená na doplnkovú ochranu
- SL: oseba upravičena do subsidiarne zaščite
A third-country national or a stateless person who does not qualify as a refugee but in respect of whom substantial grounds have been shown for believing that the person concerned, if returned to their country of origin, or in the case of a stateless person, to their country of former habitual residence, would face a real risk of suffering serious harm as defined in Art. 15 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and to whom Art. 17(1) and (2) of said Directive do not apply, and is unable, or, owing to such risk, unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country.
- BG: суспензивен ефект
- CZ: odkladný účinek
- DE: aufschiebende Wirkung
- EE: edasilükkav toime
- EN: suspensive effect
- ES: efecto suspensivo
- FI: lykkäävä vaikutus
- FR: effet suspensif
- GA: éifeacht fionraíochta
- HU: halasztó hatály
- IT: effetto sospensivo
- LT: stabdomasis poveikis
- LV: atliekošs efekts
- MT: Posponiment / Sospensjoni bħala konsegwenza (b’effett) ta’...
- NL: schorsende werking
- NO: utsettende virkning (b) / utsetjande verknad (n)
- PL: skutek zawieszający
- RO: efect suspensiv
- SE: suspensiv effekt
- SK: odkladný účinok [rozhodnutia]
- SL: suspenzivni učinek /odložilni učinek
A consequence of an appeal, which suspends the enforceability of a challenged decision allowing the appellant to remain in a host country pending the outcome.
2. In some circumstances (listed in Art. 46(6) of Directive 2013/32/EU), such as decisions considering an application to be manifestly unfounded in accordance with Art. 32(2) or unfounded after examination in accordance with Art. 31(8), the suspensive effect of appeal is not automatic. However, the possibility remains to request a court or tribunal for a right to stay, pending the second instance decision (Art. 46 (3) of Directive 2013/32/EU).
- BG: репатриране
- CZ: repatriace
- DE: Repatriierung
- EE: tagasipöördumine (repatrieerumine)
- EN: repatriation
- ES: repatriación
- FI: paluu, palauttaminen
- FR: rapatriement
- GA: aisdúichiú
- GR: επαναπατρισμός
- HU: hazatelepítés
- IT: rimpatrio
- LT: repatriacija
- LV: repatriācija
- MT: Ripatrijazzjoni
- NL: repatriëring (NL syn.: naar het vaderland terugkeren / naar het vaderland terugbrengen)
- NO: repatriering
- PL: repatriacja
- PT: repatriamento
- RO: repatriere
- SE: återvandring
- SK: repatriácia
- SL: repatriacija
The personal right of a refugee or a prisoner of war to return to their country of nationality under specific conditions laid down in various international instruments and human rights instruments as well as in customary international law.
2. The option of repatriation is bestowed upon the individual personally and not upon the detaining power. In the law of international armed conflict, repatriation also entails the obligation of the detaining power to release eligible persons (soldiers and civilians) and the duty of the country of origin to receive its own nationals at the end of hostilities. Even if treaty law does not contain a general rule on this point, it is today readily accepted that the repatriation of prisoners of war and civil detainees has been consented to implicitly by the interested parties. Repatriation as a term also applies to diplomatic envoys and international officials in times of international crisis as well as expatriates and migrants.
3. Depending on the EU Member State, this term has different meanings / connotations: in PL, RO, NL, NO this refers specifically to repatriating their nationals back to PL, RO, NL, NO respectively. In ES, IE, IT, UK, it is often used in the context of returning third-country nationals to their country of origin. In EE, the term refers specifically to persons of Estonia or ethnic Estonians’ resettlement to Estonia. In LV, the term refers specifically to the persons of Latvian or Liiv origin to resettle with permanent residence in Latvia. In PT, the term has no legal concept, being used more as a sociological term. It is commonly used to refer to Portuguese citizens that return to Portugal, including being forced to return.
4. The term should not be confused with ‘voluntary repatriation’ which is according to the UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology defined as follows: ‘Return to the country of origin on the basis of the freely expressed willingness of the refugees’. The returns have to take place in conditions of safety, dignity and security. The principle of ‘voluntariness’ must be viewed in relation to both: conditions in the country of origin (calling for an informed decision) and the situation in the country of asylum (permitting a free choice). For more information, see UNHCR: Voluntary Repatriation: International Protection – handbook, 1996.
- BG: регионална програма за закрила
- CZ: program regionální ochrany
- DE: Regionales Schutzprogramm
- EE: piirkondlik kaitsekava
- EN: regional protection programme
- ES: programa regional de protección
- FI: alueellinen suojeluohjelma
- FR: programme régional de protection
- GA: Clár Cosanta Réigiúnaí
- HU: Regionális Védelmi Program
- IT: programma di protezione regionale
- LT: regioninė apsaugos programa
- LV: reģionālās aizsardzības programma
- MT: Programm ta’ protezzjoni reġjonali
- NL: regionaal beschermingsprogramma
- NO: regionalt program om beskyttelse (b) regionalt program om vern (n)
- PL: program ochrony regionalnej
- PT: Programa regional de protecção
- RO: program de protecţie regională
- SE: regionalt skyddsprogram
- SK: regionálny program ochrany
- SL: regionalni program zaščite
A programme designed to enhance the capacity of non-EU countries in the regions from which many refugees originate, or through which they pass in transit, with the aim to improve refugee protection through durable solutions (return, local integration and resettlement in a third country).
2. For further information, see the website of DG Migration and Home Affairs.
- BG: расова дискриминация
- CZ: rasová diskriminace
- DE: rassistische Diskriminierung / Rassendiskriminierung
- EE: rassiline diskrimineerimine
- EN: racial discrimination
- ES: discriminación racial
- FI: rotusyrjintä
- FR: discrimination raciale
- GA: idirdhealú ciníoch
- GR: φυλετική διάκριση
- HU: faji diszkrimináció
- IT: discriminazione razziale
- LT: rasinė diskriminacija
- LV: rasu diskriminācija
- MT: Diskriminazzjoni razzjali
- NL: rassendiscriminatie
- NO: rasediskriminering
- PL: dyskryminacja rasowa
- PT: discriminação racial
- RO: discriminare rasială
- SE: rasdiskriminering
- SK: rasová diskriminácia
- SL: rasna diskriminacija
Any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.
2. Distinctions made on the basis of citizenship (that is, between citizens and non-citizens) are specifically excluded from the definition, as are affirmative action policies and other measures taken to redress imbalances and promote equality.
3. Some institutions such as the United Nations High Commissoner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) use the term 'discrimination' with the same definition.
- BG: сигурна трета страна
- CZ: bezpečná třetí země
- DE: sicherer Drittstaat
- EE: turvaline kolmas riik
- EN: safe third country
- ES: tercer país seguro
- FI: turvallinen kolmas maa
- FR: pays tiers sûr
- GA: tríú tír atá sábháilte
- GR: ασφαλής τρίτη χώρα
- HU: biztonságos harmadik ország
- IT: paese terzo sicuro
- LT: saugi trečioji šalis
- LV: droša trešā valsts
- MT: Pajjiż terz sigur / bla perikli
- NL: veilig derde land
- NO: trygt tredjeland
- PL: bezpieczny kraj trzeci
- PT: país terceiro seguro
- RO: ţară / stat terţ(ă) sigură
- SE: säkert tredjeland
- SK: bezpečná tretia krajina
- SL: varna tretja država
(a) life and liberty are not threatened on account of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion;
(b) there is no risk of serious harm as defined in Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) ;
(c) the principle of non-refoulement in accordance with the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol is respected;
(d) the prohibition of removal, in violation of the right to freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment as laid down in international law, is respected; and
(e) the possibility exists to request refugee status and, if found to be a refugee, to receive protection in accordance with the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol.
- BG: сигурна страна на произход
- CZ: bezpečná země původu
- DE: sicherer Herkunftsstaat
- EE: turvaline päritoluriik (kolmas riik)
- EN: safe country of origin
- ES: país de origen seguro
- FI: turvallinen alkuperämaa
- FR: pays d’origine sûr
- GA: tír thionscnaimh atá sábháilte
- GR: ασφαλής χώρα προέλευσης
- HU: biztonságos származási ország
- IT: paese di origine sicuro
- LT: saugi kilmės šalis
- LV: droša izcelsmes valsts
- MT: Pajjiż tal-oriġini sigur / bla perikli
- NL: veilig land van herkomst
- NO: trygt hjemland (b) / trygt heimland (n)
- PL: bezpieczny kraj pochodzenia
- PT: país de origem seguro
- RO: ţara de origine sigură
- SE: säkert ursprungsland
- SK: bezpečná krajina pôvodu
- SL: varna izvorna država
A country where, on the basis of the legal situation, the application of the law within a democratic system and the general political circumstances, it can be shown that there is generally and consistently no persecution as defined in Art. 9 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive), no torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and no threat by reason of indiscriminate violence in situations of international or internal armed conflict.
2. According to the Protocol 29 of TFEU, EU Member States shall be regarded as constituting safe countries of origin in respect of each other for all legal and practical purposes in relation to asylum matters. Accordingly, any application for asylum made by a national of a Member State are normally not taken into consideration.
3. EU Member States shall regularly review the situation in third countries that are designated as safe countries of origin.
4. The assessment of whether a country is a safe country of origin shall be based on a range of sources of information, including in particular information from other EU Member States, European Asylum Support Office (EASO), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the Council of Europe and other relevant international organisations.
5. According to Art. 36 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive), the 'concept of safe country of origin' means that a third country is - after an individual examination of the application - considered as a safe country of origin for a particular applicant only if:
- they have the nationality of that country; or
- they are a stateless person and were formerly habitually resident in that country, and they have not submitted any serious grounds for considering the country not to be a safe country of origin in their particular circumstances and in terms of their qualification as a beneficiary of international protection in accordance with Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive).
- BG: non-refoulement/ забрана за експулсиране или връщане
- CZ: zákaz vyhoštění a navracení
- DE: Nichtzurückweisung / Non-refoulement / Schutz vor Zurückweisung / Verbot der Ausweisung und Zurückweisung
- EE: tagasisaatmise lubamatus / non-refoulement
- EN: non-refoulement
- ES: non-refoulement
- FI: palauttamiskielto
- FR: non-refoulement / interdiction de retour forcé (LU)
- GA: neamh-refoulement
- GR: μη- επαναπροώθηση
- HU: visszaküldés tilalma
- IT: non-refoulement
- LT: negrąžinimas
- LV: neizraidīšana
- MT: Prinċipju (il-) ta’ non-refoulement - li ma jsirx ritorn imġiegħel jew sfurzat
- NL: non-refoulement (syn.: het beginsel van niet-uitwijzing)
- NO: vern mot utsendelse (b) / vern mot utsending (n)
- PL: zasada non-refoulement/ zasada niewydalania
- PT: non-refoulement
- RO: non-refoulment/ nereturnare
- SE: non-refoulement (förbud mot avvisning / utvisning)
- SK: zásada zákazu vyhostenia alebo vrátenia / zásada non-refoulement / princíp nenavrátenia
- SL: načelo nevračanja
In the refugee context, a core principle of international refugee law that prohibits States from returning refugees in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened on account of their race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.
- BG: смесен миграционен поток
- CZ: smíšený migrační tok
- DE: gemischte Wanderungs-/ Migrationsbewegung
- EE: segarändevoog (dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra)
- EN: mixed migration flow
- ES: flujo migratorio mixto
- FI: erilaisista ryhmistä koostuva muuttovirta
- FR: flux migratoire mixte
- GA: sreabhadh imirce measctha
- HU: vegyes migrációs áramlás
- IT: flusso migratorio misto
- LT: mišrus migracijos srautas
- LV: jauktas migrācijas plūsma
- MT: Fluss migratorju mħallat // Nixxiegħa migratorja mħallta
- NL: gemengde migratiestroom
- NO: blandet migrasjonsstrøm (b) / blanda migrasjonsstraum (n)
- PL: mieszane przepływy migracyjne
- RO: flux de migraţie mixtă
- SE: blandade migrationsströmmar
- SK: zmiešané migračné toky
- SL: mešani migracijski tok
Complex migratory population movement including refugees , asylum-seekers, economic migrants and other types of migrants as opposed to migratory population movements that consist entirely of one category of migrants.
- BG: миграция
- CZ: migrace
- DE: Migration
- EE: ränne
- EN: migration
- ES: migración
- FI: muuttoliike / siirtolaisuus
- FR: migration
- GA: imirce
- GR: μετανάστευση
- HU: migráció
- IT: migrazione
- LT: migracija
- LV: migrācija
- MT: Migrazzjoni
- NL: migratie
- NO: migrasjon
- PL: migracja
- PT: migração
- RO: migraţie
- SE: migration
- SK: migrácia
- SL: migracija
In the EU context, the action by which a person either:
(i) establishes their usual residence in the territory of an EU Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months, having previously been usually resident in another EU Member State or a third country; or
(ii) having previously been usually resident in the territory of an EU Member State, ceases to have their usual residence in that EU Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months.
2. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) defines migration as follows: 'movement of a person or a group of persons, either across an international border (international migration), or within a state (internal migration), encompassing any kind of movement of people, whatever its length, composition and causes'. This broad definition covers all forms of migration (voluntrary/forced migration, internal/international migration, long-term/short-term migration), different motives for migration (migration because of political persecution, conflicts, economic problems, environmental degradation or a combination of these reasons or migration in search of better economic conditions or conditions of survival or well-being, or other motives such as familiy reunfication) and irrespective of the means used to migrate (legal/irregular migration). Thus it includes migration of refugees, displaced persons, economic migrants and persons moving for other purposes, including family reunification.
3. Under the UN, the definition 'movements for shorter periods' would not be considered migration.
- BG: хуманитарен статут
- CZ: humanitární ochrana
- DE: humanitärer Schutz
- EE: humanitaarkaitse
- EN: humanitarian protection
- ES: protección humanitaria
- FI: humanitaarinen suojelu
- FR: protection humanitaire
- GA: cosaint dhaonnúil
- GR: προστασία για ανθρωπιστικούς λόγους
- HU: humanitárius védelem
- IT: protezione umanitaria
- LT: humanitarinė (papildoma) apsauga
- LV: humānā aizsardzība
- MT: Protezzjoni umanitarja
- NL: bescherming op humanitaire gronden
- NO: beskyttelse på humanitært grunnlag (b) / vern på humanitært grunnlag (n)
- PL: ochrona o charakterze humanitarnym
- PT: protecção humanitária
- RO: protecţie umanitară
- SE: humanitärt skydd
- SK: humanitárna ochrana
- SL: humanitarna zaščita
A form of non-EU harmonised protection nowadays normally replaced by subsidiary protection, except in some EU Member States.
2. IE has also opted-into the Qualification Directive, and uses the term ‘leave to remain’.
3. In DE, FI and IT, humanitarian protection and subsidiary protection are different concepts. In DE and IT, humanitarian protection is the reception and residence of refugees under international law or on humanitarian or political (DE only) grounds, and in FI, humanitarian protection is granted to foreign nationals who cannot return to their country of origin or country of former habitual residence as a result of an environmental catastrophe or a bad security situation, which may be due to an international or internal armed conflict or a poor human rights situation.
4. In EE, LV, this term is not used.
5. AT and ES use a similar expression, namely ‘residence permit on humanitarian grounds’.
6. In BG, humanitarian protection encompasses subsidiary protection as well as protection granted for other humanitarian reasons (see Art. 9, SG No 52 of 2007).
7. In NO, a residence permit may be granted, even if the other conditions laid down in the Act are not satisfied, provided there are strong humanitarian considerations or the foreign national has a particular connection with the realm. To determine whether there are strong humanitarian considerations, an overall assessment shall be made of the case. Importance may be attached, inter alia, to whether the foreign national is an unaccompanied minor who would be without proper care if they were returned; the foreign national needs to stay in the realm due to compelling health circumstances; there are social or humanitarian circumstances relating to the return situation that give grounds for granting a residence permit; the foreign national has been a victim of human trafficking. (For further information, see Immigration Act of May 2008, Chaper 5, Section 38).
- BG: Европейска служба за подкрепа в областта на убежището
- CZ: Evropský podpůrný azylový úřad
- DE: Europäisches Unterstützungsbüro für Asylfragen
- EE: Euroopa varjupaigaküsimuste tugiamet
- EN: European Asylum Support Office
- ES: Oficina Europea de Apoyo al Asilo
- FI: Euroopan turvapaikka-asioiden tukivirasto
- FR: Bureau européen d’appui en matière d’asile
- GA: an Oifig Tacaíochta Eorpach do Chúrsaí Tearmainn
- GR: Ευρωπαϊκό Γραφείο Στήριξης για το Άσυλο
- HU: Európai Menekültügyi Támogatási Hivatal
- IT: Ufficio Europeo di Sostegno per l’Asilo
- LT: Europos prieglobsčio paramos biuras
- LV: Eiropas Patvēruma atbalsta birojs
- MT: Uffiċċju (L-)ta’ Appoġġ Ewropew fil-Qasam tal‑Ażil
- NL: Europees Ondersteuningsbureau voor Asielzaken [BE syn.: Europees asielondersteuningsbureau]
- NO: Det europeiske støttekontoret på asylfeltet
- PL: Europejski Urząd Wsparcia w dziedzinie Azylu
- PT: Gabinete Europeu de Apoio ao Asilo
- RO: Biroul European de Sprijin în domeniul Azilului
- SE: Europeiska byrån för samarbete i asylfrågor
- SK: Európsky podporný úrad pre azyl
- SL: Evropski azilni podporni urad
A European Union agency mandated to focus on three major responsibilities: to contribute to the coherent implementation and development of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS), to support and strengthen practical cooperation among EU Member States on asylum and to provide and/or coordinate the provision of operational support to EU Member States, subject to particular pressure on their asylum and reception systems.
2. The Support Office should work closely with the EU Member States’ asylum authorities, with national immigration and asylum services and other national services and with the European Commission. Furthermore, it should also carry out its duties without prejudice to those assigned to other relevant bodies of the European Union and shall work closely with these bodies as well as with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). However, it does not have any powers in relation to the taking of decisions by EU Member States’ asylum authorities on individual applications for international protection.
3. For further information, see the website of EASO.
- BG: Евроазил
- CZ: Eurasil
- DE: Netzwerk für Asylpraktiker der Europäischen Union (Eurasil)
- EE: Eurasil
- EN: Eurasil
- ES: Eurasil
- FI: Eurasil
- FR: Eurasil
- GA: Eurasil
- GR: Ομάδα στο πλαίσιο της Ε.Επιτροπής για την ανταλλαγή πληροφοριών για τις χώρες καταγωγής αιτούντων άσυλο
- HU: Eurasil
- IT: Eurasil
- LT: Eurasil
- LV: Eurasil
- MT: Eurasil
- NL: Eurasil
- NO: Eurasil
- PL: Eurasil
- PT: Eurasil
- RO: Eurasil
- SE: Eurasil
- SK: Eurasil
- SL: Eurasil
A European Union Network for asylum practitioners providing a forum for the exchange of country of origin information, best practices and a variety of policy-related matters among EU Member States, asylum adjudicators and the European Commission, which aims to improve and maximise convergence on approaches to, and assessment of, the protection needs of asylum seekers.
2. EURASIL meetings were attended by representatives of the national ministries and asylum authorities of the EU Member States, as well as of CH, NO and IS. Depending on the topics of the meeting, international organisations such as United Nations High Commissior for Refugees (UNHCR) or International Organization for Migration (IOM) attended Eurasil as external experts.
3. With the establishment of the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) , EASO has taken over responsibility for Eurasil and further developed EURASIL activities (EASO Practical Cooperation).
- BG: иконимически мигрант
- CZ: ekonomický migrant
- DE: Migrant aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen / Wirtschaftsmigrant
- EE: majandusmigrant
- EN: economic migrant
- ES: persona migrante por motivos económicos
- FI: taloudellisten syiden vuoksi muuttava henkilö
- FR: migrant économique
- GA: imirceach eacnamaíoch
- GR: οικονομικός μετανάστης
- HU: gazdasági migráns
- IT: migrante economico
- LT: ekonominis migrantas
- LV: ekonomiskais migrants
- MT: Migrant(a) għal raġunijiet ekonomiċi
- NL: economische migrant
- NO: økonomisk migrant
- PL: migrant ekonomiczny
- PT: migrante económico
- RO: migrant economic
- SE: ekonomisk migrant
- SK: ekonomický migrant
- SL: ekonomski migrant
A person who leaves their country of origin purely for economic reasons that are not in any way related to the refugee definition, in order to seek material improvements in their livelihood.
2. Economic migrants are sometimes referred to as economic refugees, but this is a misuse of the term 'refugee'.
- BG: vertimo nėra
- CZ: poživatel doplňkové ochrany
- DE: De-facto-Flüchtling
- EE: de facto pagulane
- EN: de facto refugee
- ES: refugiado de facto
- FI: tosiasiallinen pakolainen / de facto -pakolainen
- FR: réfugié de facto
- GA: dídeanaí de facto
- GR: de facto πρόσφυγας
- HU: de facto menekült
- IT: rifugiato de facto
- LT: de facto pabėgėlis
- LV: de facto bēglis
- MT: Rifuġjat(a) de facto
- NL: de facto vluchteling
- NO: de facto-flyktning
- PL: uchodźca de facto
- PT: refugiado de facto
- RO: refugiat de facto
- SE: de facto-flykting
- SK: utečenec de facto
- SL: de facto begunec
Person not recognised as a refugee (within the meaning of Art. 1A of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol) and who is unable or, for reasons recognised as valid, unwilling to return to their country of origin or country of nationality or, if they have no nationality, to the country of their habitual residence.
2. In DE, this refers to a person who has not applied for asylum or whose asylum application has been rejected, but whose removal has been suspended due to concrete danger of life, body or freedom. For example, a person’s stay will be tolerated in DE on grounds of humanitarian law.