Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: Глобален подход към миграцията и мобилността
- CZ: Globální přístup k migraci a mobilitě
- DE: Gesamtansatz für Migration und Mobilität
- EE: globaalne lähenemine rändele ja rahvastiku liikuvusele
- EN: Global Approach to Migration and Mobility
- ES: Enfoque Global de la Migración
- FI: maahanmuuttoa koskeva kokonaisvaltainen lähestymistapa
- FR: approche globale de la question des migrations et de la mobilité
- GA: Cur Chuige Domhanda i leith Imirce agus Soghluaisteachta
- GR: Σφαιρική Προσέγγιση της Μετανάστευσης και της Κινητικότητας
- HU: a migráció és mobilitás átfogó globális megközelítése
- IT: Approccio globale in materia di migrazione e mobilità
- LT: ES visuotinis požiūris į migraciją ir judumą
- LV: vispārēja pieeja migrācijai un mobilitātei
- MT: Approċċ Globali għall-Migrazzjoni u l-Mobilità
- NL: totaalaanpak van migratie en mobiliteit
- NO: global tilnærming til migrasjon og mobilitet
- PL: Globalne Podejście do Migracji i Mobilności
- PT: Abordagem Global da Migração e Mobilidade
- SE: Övergripande strategi för migration och rörlighet / GAMM
- SK: Globálny prístup k migrácii a mobilite / GPMM
- SL: Globalni pristop k migraciji in mobilnosti
The overarching framework of the European Union’s external migration policy based on genuine partnership with non-EU countries and addressing all aspects of migration and mobility issues in an integrated, comprehensive and balanced manner.
2. The approach comprises the whole migration agenda, including legal and irregular migration, combating trafficking in human beings and smuggling of migrants, strengthening protection for refugees, enhancing migrant rights and harnessing the positive links that exist between migration and development.
3. In 2011, the global approach was evaluated. As a result of this, the Commission highlighted the need for further strengthening the external migration policy and published in November 2011 the Communication on the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility, COM(2011) 743 final on a new impetus to the EU’s external migration policy. The renewed GAMM focuses on four main priorities: improving the organisation of legal migration and facilitated mobility, preventing and reducing irregular migration in an efficient, yet humane way, strengthening the synergies between migration and development, and strengthening international protection systems and the external dimension of asylum.
- BG: принцип на равно третиране
- CZ: princip rovného zacházení
- DE: Gleichbehandlungsgrundsatz
- EE: võrdse kohtlemise põhimõte
- EN: principle of equal treatment
- ES: principio de igualdad de trato
- FI: yhtäläisen kohtelun periaate
- FR: principe d’égalité de traitement
- GA: an prionsabal um chóir chomhionann
- GR: ίση μεταχείριση
- HU: egyenlő bánásmód (elve)
- IT: principio di parità di trattamento
- LT: vienodo požiūrio principas
- LV: vienlīdzīgas attieksmes princips
- MT: Prinċipju (Il-) ta’ trattament ugwali
- NL: beginsel van gelijke behandeling
- NO: prinsippet om likebehandling
- PL: zasada równego traktowania
- PT: igualdade de tratamento
- RO: principiul tratamentului egal
- SE: principen om likabehandling
- SK: zásada rovnakého zaobchádzania / princíp rovnakého zaobchádzania
- SL: načelo enakega obravnavanja
The principle that there shall be no direct or indirect discrimination based on racial or ethnic origin, sex, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation.
2. The term ‘equal treatment’ has a distinct use / meaning when used in the context of bilateral social security agreements between EU Member States as per Regulation (EU) No 465/2012 on the coordination of social security systems.
3. For more information see EMN: Migrant Access to Social Security and Healthcare – policy and practice, 2014.
- BG: вторично движение на мигранти
- CZ: druhotný pohyb migrantů
- DE: Sekundärmigration
- EE: sisserändajate teisene (riikidevaheline) liikumine
- EN: secondary movement of migrants
- ES: movimientos migratoris secundarios
- FI: maahanmuuttajien toissijainen siirtyminen
- FR: mouvement secondaire de migrants
- GA: athghluaiseacht imirceach
- HU: másodlagos migrációs mozgás
- IT: movimento secondario di migranti
- LT: vėlesnis migrantų judėjimas
- LV: migrantu tālāka pārvietošanās
- MT: Moviment sekondarju ta’ migranti
- NL: secundaire migratiestroom
- NO: sekundærflytting
- PL: wtórny przepływ migrantów
- RO: mişcare secundară a migranţilor
- SE: sekundär migration
- SK: sekundárny pohyb migrantov
- SL: sekundarno gibanje migrantov
The movement of migrants, including refugees and asylum seekers, who for different reasons move from the country in which they first arrived to seek protection or permanent resettlement elsewhere.
This movement is without the prior consent of the national authorities, without an entry visa, or with no or insufficient documentation normally required for travel purposes, or with false or fraudulent documentation.
- BG: 5+5 диалог по въпросите на миграцията в Западното Средиземноморие
- CZ: Dialog 5+5 o migraci v západním Středomoří
- DE: 5+5 Dialog über Migration im Westlichen Mittelmeerraum
- EE: 5+5 Vahemere lääneosa rände dialoog
- EN: Dialogue on Migration in the Western Mediterranean (5+5)
- ES: Diálogo 5+5 sobre migración en el Mediterráneo Occidental
- FI: 5+5-vuoropuhelu Välimeren länsiosan maiden välillä
- FR: Dialogue 5+5 sur la migration en Méditerranée occidentale
- GA: Idirphlé 5+5 maidir leis an Imirce i réigiún na Meánmhara Thiar
- HU: 5+5 Nyugat- Mediterrán Migrációs Párbeszéd
- IT: Dialogo 5+5 sulle Migrazioni nel Mediterraneo Occidentale
- LT: Vakarų Viduržemio jūros regiono valstybių dialogas „5+5“ migracijos klausimais
- LV: 5+5 Vidusjūras rietumu valstu dialogs par migrāciju
- MT: Djalogu 5+5 fuq il-Migrazzjoni fil-Punent tal‑Mediterran
- NL: 5+5 dialoog over migratie in het Westelijke Middellandsezeegebied
- NO: 5+5-dialog om migrasjon i det vestre Middelhavet
- PL: 5+5 Dialog na rzecz migracji w zachodniej części Morza Śródziemnego
- PT: diálogo 5+5 para o Mediterrâneo ocidental
- RO: 5+5 Dialog cu privire la migraţie în zona vest Mediteraneeană
- SE: dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra
- SK: Dialóg 5+5 o migrácii v západnom Stredomorí
- SL: 5+5 Dialog o migracijah v zahodnem Sredozemlju
2. The forum involves ten partners (Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia, France, Italy, Malta, Portugal and Spain) and is facilitated by the IOM. Its areas of activity are information exchange, joint management of international borders, agreed forms of labour migration, migration for development, and protection of the rights of migrants in the Western Mediterranean region.
3. For more information see the website of the 5+5 Dialogue.
- BG: краткосрочен мигрант
- CZ: krátkodobý migrant
- DE: kurzfristig aufhältiger Migrant / Kurzzeit-Migrant / temporärer Migrant
- EE: lühiajaline sisserändaja
- EN: short-term migrant
- ES: persona migrante de carácter temporal
- FI: tilapäiseksi ajaksi muuttava henkilö
- FR: migrant de courte durée
- GA: imirceach gearrthréimhseach
- GR: προσωρινός / μικρής διάρκειας μετανάστης
- HU: this term is not used,
- IT: migrante di breve termine
- LT: trumpalaikis migrantas
- LV: īstermiņa migrants
- MT: Migrant(a) għal żmien qasir / għal ftit żmien
- NL: kortverblijvende migrant (syn.: kortdurige migrant)
- NO: migrant med kortvarig opphold (b) / migrant med kortvarig opphald (n)
- PL: migrant krótkookresowy
- PT: migrante de curta duração
- RO: migrant pe termen scurt
- SE: korttidsmigrant
- SK: krátkodobý migrant
- SL: migrant za krajše obdobje
A person who moves to a country other than that of their usual residence for a period of at least three months but less than a year (12 months) except in cases where the movement to that country is for purposes of recreation, holiday, visits to friends or relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage.
For purposes of international migration statistics, the country of usual residence of short-term migrants is considered to be the country of destination during the period they spend in it.
- BG: притегателен фактор
- CZ: pull faktor
- DE: Pull-Faktor
- EE: tõmbefaktor
- EN: pull factor
- ES: factor de atracción
- FI: vetotekijä
- FR: facteur d’attraction
- GA: toisc tharraingthe
- GR: πόλος έλξης
- HU: húzó tényező / vonzó tényező / pull-faktor
- IT: fattore di attrazione
- LT: traukos veiksnys
- LV: pievilkšanas faktors
- MT: Fattur t’attrazzjoni / ta’ ġibda
- NL: pull factor
- NO: trekkfaktor
- PL: czynnik przyciągający
- PT: factor de atracção / pull factor
- RO: factor de atragere / „pull“ factor
- SE: pull-faktor
- SK: stimulačný faktor / „pull“ faktor
- SL: dejavnik privabljanja
The condition(s) or circumstance(s) that attract a migrant to another country.
As recognised by the project European Reintegration Networking, this can be for a specific or a variety of reasons, e.g. expanding economic opportunities and potential for advancement in the country of destination.
- BG: Международна организация по миграция
- CZ: Mezinárodní ogranizace pro migraci
- DE: Internationale Organisation für Migration
- EE: Rahvusvaheline Migratsiooniorganisatsioon
- EN: International Organization for Migration
- ES: Organización Internacional para las Migraciones
- FI: Kansainvälinen siirtolaisuusjärjestö
- FR: Organisation internationale pour les migrations
- GA: an Eagraíocht Idirnáisiúnta um Imirce
- GR: Διεθνούς Οργανισμού Μετανάστευσης
- HU: Nemzetközi Migrációs Szervezet
- IT: Organizzazione Internazionale per le Migrazioni
- LT: Tarptautinė migracijos organizacija
- LV: Starptautiskā Migrācijas organizācija
- MT: Organizzazzjoni (L-) Internazzjonali għall-Migrazzjoni
- NL: Internationale Organisatie voor Migratie
- NO: Den internasjonale migrasjonsorganisasjonen
- PL: Międzynarodowa Organizacja do Spraw Migracji
- PT: Organização Internacional para as Migrações
- RO: Organizaţia Internaţională pentru Migraţie
- SE: International Organization for Migration
- SK: Medzinárodná organizácia pre migráciu
- SL: Mednarodna organizacija za migracije
An intergovernmental organisation in the field of migration dedicated to ensuring the orderly and humane management of migration, to promote international cooperation on migration issues, to assist in the search for practical solutions to migration problems and to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in need, be they refugees, displaced persons or other uprooted people.
2. It is one of the main inter-governmental organisations in the field of migration and works closely with governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental partners.
3. For further information, see the website of IOM.
- BG: създаване на семейство
- CZ: sloučení rodiny
- DE: Familienangehöriger
- EE: pere loomise eesmärgil riiki sisenemine (dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra)
- EN: family member
- ES: Miembro de la familia
- FI: perheenmuodostaminen
- FR: membre de la famille
- GA: foirmiú teaghlaigh
- GR: μέλος οικογένειας
- HU: családalapítás
- IT: componente familiare
- LT: šeimos narys
- LV: ģimenes apvienošana / ģimenes atkalapvienošana
- MT: Membru tal-familja
- NL: gezinslid
- NO: familiedannelse (b) / familiedanning (n)
- PL: założenie rodziny
- PT: membros da familia
- RO: membru de familie
- SE: familjebildning
- SK: založenie rodiny
- SL: ustanovitev družine
In the context of the Family Reunification Directive (Directive 2003/86(EC), a third-country national, as specified in Art. 4 of this Directive (normally members of the nuclear family – i.e. the spouse and the minor children), who has entered the territory of the European Union for the purpose of family reunification.
In the context of the Free Movement Directive (Directive 2004/38 EC):
(a) the spouse;
(b) the partner with whom the union citizen has contracted a registered partnership, on the basis of the legislation of a EU Member State, if the legislation of the host Member State treats registered partnerships as equivalent to marriage and in accordance with the conditions laid down in the relevant legislation of the host Member State;
(c) the direct descendants who are under the age of 21 or are dependants and those of the spouse or partner as defined in point (b);
(d) the dependent direct relatives in the ascending line and those of the spouse or partner as defined in point (b).
In the context of asylum , and in particular Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation), this means insofar as the family already existed in the country of origin, the following members of the applicant’s family who are present on the territory of the EU Member States:
a) the spouse of the applicant or their unmarried partner in a stable relationship, where the law or practice of the EU Member State concerned treats unmarried couples in a way comparable to married couples under its law relating to third-country nationals;
b) the minor children of couples referred to in the first indent or of the applicant, on condition that they are unmarried and regardless of whether they were born in or out of wedlock or adopted as defined under national law;
c) when the applicant is a minor and unmarried, the father, mother or another adult responsible for the applicant, whether by law or by the practice of the Member State where the adult is present;
d) when the beneficiary of international protection is a minor and unmarried, the father, mother or another adult responsible for them whether by law or by the practice of the Member State where the beneficiary is present.
Family reunification: Recital 9 and Art. 4 of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive)
Free movement Art. 2(2) of Directive 2004/38/EC (Free Movement Directive)
- BG: достъп до здравни гриижи
- CZ: přístup ke zdravotní péči
- DE: Zugang zu medizinischer Versorgung
- EE: ligipääs tervishoiule
- EN: access to healthcare
- ES: acceso a la asistencia sanitaria
- FI: oikeus terveydenhuoltoon
- FR: accès aux soins de santé
- GA: Rochtain ar Chúram Sláinte
- GR: πρόσβαση στην υγειονομική περίθαλψη
- HU: a migránsok társadalombiztosítási és egészségügyi ellátásokhoz való hozzáférése
- IT: accesso all’assistenza sanitaria
- LT: sveikatos priežiūros prieinamumas
- LV: piekļuve veselības aprūpei
- MT: Aċċess għas-servizzi tas-saħħa/ għall-kura sanitarja
- NL: toegang tot gezondheidszorg
- NO: tilgang til helsetjenester (b) / tilgang til helsetenester (n)
- PL: dostęp do opieki zdrowotnej
- RO: acces la ingrijirea sanatatii / acces la sistemul medical
- SE: tillgång till hälso- och sjukvård
- SK: prístup k zdravotnej starostlivosti
- SL: dostop do zdravstvenega varstva
Healthcare entitlements enjoyed by third-country nationals (migrants, applicants for international protection and refugees) in EU Member States and in their countries of origin.
2. According to Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive), long-term residents enjoy the same access to healthcare as nationals as defined by national law.
3. Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) grants access to adequate healthcare, including treatment of mental disorders when needed, to beneficiaries of international protection under the same eligibility conditions as nationals of the EU Member State that has granted such protection.
4.Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) establishes minimum standards for access to healthcare for applicants of international protection during the asylum procedure. It requires EU Member States to ensure that asylum seekers at least receive emergency care and essential treatment for illnesses and serious mental disorders. However, the entitlement of asylum seekers to healthcare services depends on national legislation and varies among Member States. See for example, the EMN: Ad-Hoc Query on System of medical treatment of asylum seekers in Member States.
5. Access to healthcare can be a key factor in the process of decision-making on applications for international protection. Subsidiary protection may apply if the asylum-seeker contends that a return to the country of origin is impossible for health reasons, as the return of a sick person which is often connected with the medical standards in the country of return could constitute a breach of Art. 3 ECHR. Thus case workers have to take into account whether medical treatment is available in the country of origin and whether the available medical treatment would also be (e.g. financially) accessible to the concerned person upon return. For further information see the description of the MedCOI project in the List of projects funded by the European Refugee Fund in 2011.
- BG: споразумение за взаимно признаване
- CZ: smlouva o uznávání rovnocennosti dokladů (o vzdělání)
- DE: gegenseitige Anerkennungsvereinbarung
- EE: vastastikuse tunnustamise leping
- EN: mutual recognition agreement
- ES: acuerdo de reconocimiento mutuo
- FI: sopimus vastavuoroisesta tunnustamisesta
- FR: accord de reconnaissance mutuelle
- GA: comhaontú maidir le haitheantas frithpháirteach
- HU: kölcsönös elismerési megállapodás
- IT: accordo di reciproco riconoscimento
- LT: susitarimas dėl abipusio pripažinimo
- LV: savstarpējas atzīšanas līgums
- MT: Ftehim għar-rikonoxximent reċiproku
- NL: overeenkomst inzake wederzijdse erkenning
- NO: avtale om gjensidig godkjenning
- PL: umowa o wzajemnym uznaniu kwalifikacji
- RO: acord de recunoaştere mutuală
- SE: avtal för ömsesidigt erkännande av kvalifikationer
- SK: dohoda o vzájomnom uznávaní rovnocennosti dokladov o vzdelaní
- SL: sporazum o vzajemnem priznavanju
Agreements on the recognition of foreign qualifications negotiated by governments and professional organisations in several countries by setting out clear rules for licensing or certifying migrant professionals who move between signatory countries in order to reduce, or even eliminate, the need for case-by-case assessments when applicants have been trained in systems conferring essentially comparable skills and knowledge.
2. The furthest-reaching and most comprehensive system is the EU’s system outlined in Council Directive 2005/36/EC (Professional Qualification Directive) which covers all regulated occupations in all EU Member States and reduces regulatory authorities’ discretion to reject applicants that fall under its purview.
- BG: задържане
- CZ: zajištění
- DE: Abschiebungshaft
- EE: kinnipidamine
- EN: detention
- ES: internamiento
- FI: säilöönotto
- FR: rétention
- GA: coinneáil
- GR: κράτηση (διοικητική)
- HU: őrizet
- IT: trattenimento
- LT: sulaikymas
- LV: aizturēšana
- MT: Detenzjoni
- NL: detentie; vreemdelingenbewaring (in context of return)
- NO: forvaring
- PL: detencja / zatrzymanie
- PT: detenção
- RO: custodie publică
- SE: förvar
- SK: zaistenie
- SL: omejitev gibanja / pripor
In the EU asylum context, confinement (i.e. deprivation of liberty) of an applicant for international protection by an EU Member State within a particular place, where the applicant is deprived of their personal liberty.
2. Applicants for international protection may be detained at any stage of or throughout the asylum process, from the time an initial application is made up to the point of removal of an unsuccessful applicant for international protection. According to Art. 26 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) it is not acceptable to detain a person solely for the reason that they have lodged an application for international protection. To ensure the non-arbitrariness of detention and the respect of fundamental rights of applicants for international protection, Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) introduced an exhaustive list of detention grounds (Art. 8) and put in place a number of procedural guarantees.The Directive also regulates the conditions in detention facilities (Art. 10).
3. In an EU return context, EU Member States may only detain or keep in a detention facility a third-country national who is the subject of return procedures in order to prepare the return and / or carry out the removal process, in particular when: (a) there is a risk of absconding; or (b) the third-country national concerned avoids or hampers the preparation of return or the removal process. Any detention shall be for as short a period as possible and only maintained as long as removal arrangements are in progress and executed with due diligence. See Art. 15 (1) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive).
4. For further information, see EMN: The use of detention and alternatives to detention in the context of immigration policies, 2014.
- BG: приемни съоръжения
- CZ: přijímací zařízení
- DE: Aufnahmeeinrichtungen
- EE: vastuvõtu majutusasutused
- EN: reception facilities
- ES: centros de acogida
- FI: vastaanoton majoitusmuodot
- FR: structures d’accueil
- GA: áiseanna fáiltithe
- HU: befogadó létesítmények
- IT: struttura di accoglienza
- LT: priėmimo centrai
- LV: uzņemšanas telpas
- MT: Faċilitajiet ta’ akkoljenza
- NL: opvangfaciliteiten
- NO: asylmottak
- PL: ośrodki przyjmowania
- RO: spaţii de cazare a solicitanţilor de azil
- SE: anläggningsboende
- SK: azylové zariadenia
- SL: sprejemni prostori
All forms of premises used for the housing of applicants for international protection and other categories of migrants and refugees.
For more information on categories of reception facilties available in EU Member States, see EMN: the Organisation of Reception Facilities for Asylum Seekers in different Member States, 2013.
Developed by EMN
- BG: привличане на мозъци
- CZ: příliv mozků
- DE: Brain Gain
- EE: oskustööjõu sissevool
- EN: brain gain
- ES: captación de cerebros
- FI: aivotuonti
- FR: afflux de cerveaux
- GA: inimirce daoine oilte
- GR: κέρδος εγκεφάλων (είναι μεταφορικό)
- HU: there is no widely accepted term, several can be used: agyvisszaszívás / tudásnyerés / brain gain
- IT: acquisizione di cervelli
- LT: protų pritraukimas
- LV: kvalificēta darbaspēka pieplūdums
- MT: Akkwist / Ksib ta’ mħuħ // ta’ nies bi kwalifiki għoljin
- NL: brain gain
- NO: kunnskapsgevinst
- PL: dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra
- PT: brain gain
- RO: atragerea creierelor / „brain gain”
- SE: dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra
- SK: získavanie mozgov
- SL: „pridobitev možganov“
The benefit to a country as a result of the immigration of a highly qualified person.
This can apply to, for example, an EU Member State receiving a highly qualified migrant, as well as a third-country national returning to their country of origin.
- BG: движение на мозъци
- CZ: brain circulation
- DE: Brain Circulation
- EE: oskustööjõu ringlus
- EN: brain circulation
- ES: circulación de cerebros
- FI: aivokierto
- FR: circulation des cerveaux
- GA: cúrsaíocht daoine oilte
- GR: κυκλοφορία εγκεφάλων (είναι μεταφορικό)
- HU: there is no widely accepted term: „agykörforgás” is used in some documents
- IT: circolazione di cervelli
- LT: protų apykaita
- LV: kvalificēta darbaspēka aprite
- MT: Ċirkolazzjoni ta’ mħuħ / ta’ nies bi kwalifiki għoljin
- NL: mobiliteit van hoogopgeleide personen (syn.: brain circulation)
- NO: kunnskapsmobilitet / kunnskapssirkulasjon
- PL: cyrkulacja mózgów
- PT: circulação de cérebros
- RO: circulaţia creierelor
- SE: kunskapsspridning
- SK: cirkulácia mozgov
- SL: „kroženje možganov“
The possibility for developing countries to draw on the skills, know-how and other forms of experience gained by their migrants - whether they have returned to their country of origin or not - and members of their diaspora.
- BG: мигрант по принуда
- CZ: nucený migrant
- DE: Zwangsmigrant
- EE: sundsisserändaja (dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra)
- EN: forced migrant
- ES: migrante forzoso
- FI: pakkomuuttaja
- FR: migrant forcé
- GA: imirceach éigeantais
- GR: εξαναγκαστική μετανάστευση
- HU: kényszerű migráns
- IT: migrante forzato
- LT: priverstinis migrantas
- LV: piespiedu migrants
- MT: Migrant(a) kostrett(a) / sfurzat(a)
- NL: gedwongen migrant
- NO: tvungen migrant
- PL: migrant przymusowy
- PT: migrante forçado
- RO: migrant forţat
- SE: tvångsmigrant
- SK: nútený migrant
- SL: prisilni migrant
A person subject to a migratory movement in which an element of coercion exists, including threats to life and livelihood, whether arising from natural or man-made causes (e.g. movements of refugees and internally displaced persons as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine or development projects).
- BG: принудително връщане
- CZ: nucený návrat
- DE: zwangsweise Rückführung / Zwangsrückführung / erzwungene Rückkehr
- EE: sunnitud tagasipöördumine
- EN: compulsory return
- ES: retorno forzoso
- FI: pakkopalautus / pakkoon perustuva paluu
- FR: obligation de retour
- GA: filleadh éigeantach
- GR: αναγκαστική επιστροφή
- HU: kötelező visszatérés
- IT: ritorno obbligato
- LT: priverstinis grąžinimas
- LV: piespiedu atgriešana (EU acquis) / piespiedu izraidīšana (national)
- MT: Ritorn obbligatorju // Ripatrijazzjoni obbligatorja
- NL: gedwongen terugkeer
- NO: tvangsretur
- PL: przymusowy powrót
- RO: returnare (fortata)/returnare sub escortă
- SE: tvångsmässigt återvändande
- SK: nútený návrat
- SL: obvezno vračanje
In the EU context, the process of going back – whether in voluntary or enforced compliance with an obligation to return– to:
- one's country of origin; or
- a country of transit in accordance with EU or bilateral readmission agreements or other arrangements; or
- another third country, to which the third-country national concerned voluntarily decides to return and in which they will be accepted.
2. Outside of EU legislation the term ‘forced return’ is more commonly used and understood as a synonym with ‘compulsory return’ – i.e. return which occurs in compliance with a return decision.
- BG: Работна група на високо равнище „Убежище и миграция“
- CZ: pracovní skupina na vysoké úrovni pro azyl a migraci
- DE: Hochrangige Arbeitsgruppe Asyl und Einwanderung
- EE: kõrgetasemine varjupaiga ja rände töörühm
- EN: High-Level Working Group on Asylum and Migration
- ES: grupo de trabajo de alto nivel sobre migración y asilo
- FI: turvapaikka- ja maahanmuuttoasioiden korkean tason työryhmä
- FR: Groupe de haut niveau «Asile et Migration»
- GA: Grúpa Oibre Ardleibhéil maidir le Tearmann agus Imirce
- GR: Ομάδα Εργασίας Υψηλού Επιπέδου για το ‘Ασυλο και την Μετανάστευση
- HU: Magas Szintű Menekültügyi és Migrációs Munkacsoport
- IT: Gruppo di lavoro ad alto livello in materia di asilo e migrazione
- LT: Prieglobsčio ir migracijos aukšto lygio darbo grupė
- LV: Augsta līmeņa darba grupa migrācijas un patvēruma jautājumos
- MT: Grupp ta’ Ħidma ta’ Livell Għoli dwar l-Ażil u l-Migrazzjoni
- NL: Werkgroep op hoog niveau voor asiel en migratie
- NO: høynivågruppen for asyl og migrasjon (b) / høgnivågruppa for asyl og migrasjon (n)
- PL: Grupa Robocza Wysokiego Szczebla ds. Azylu i Migracji
- PT: grupo alto nível asilo e migração
- RO: Grupul de lucru la nivel înalt în domeniul migraţiei şi azilului
- SE: Högnivågruppen för asyl och migration
- SK: Pracovná skupina na vysokej úrovni pre azyl a migráciu
- SL: Delovna skupina visokih predstavnikov za azil in migracije
2. The HLWG's focus is on external relations with third countries, particularly within the context of the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility. Its objective is to strengthen the external dimension of the EU’s asylum and migration policies based on dialogue, cooperation and partnership with countries of origin and transit in the areas of legal migration, irregular migration, migration and development. The Group also prepares conclusions and recommendations on asylum and migration to be adopted by the Council. They carry out an assessment of the political, economic and human rights situation in countries of origin and provide a joint analysis of the causes and consequences of migration.
- BG: Пражки процес
- CZ: Pražský proces
- DE: Prager Prozess
- EE: Praha protsess
- EN: Prague Process
- ES: Proceso de Praga
- FI: Prahan prosessi
- FR: Processus de Prague
- GA: Próiseas Phrág
- HU: Prágai Folyamat
- IT: Processo di Praga
- LT: Prahos procesas
- LV: Prāgas process
- MT: Proċess (Il-) ta’ Praga
- NL: Praag-proces
- NO: Praha-prosessen
- PL: Proces Praski
- PT: Processo de Praga
- RO: Procesul Praga
- SE: Pragprocessen
- SK: Pražský proces
- SL: Praški proces
A process to strengthen cooperation in migration management between the European Union (EU) and 19 partner countries to the East (the Western Balkans, Eastern Europe, Turkey, Russia, Central Asia and Southern Caucasus).
2. Its activities extend across five areas:
(1) combating irregular migration;
(2) readmission, voluntary return and reintegration;
(3) legal migration;
(4) integration; and
(5) migration and development.
The process takes a comprehensive, balanced, pragmatic and operational approach, respecting the rights and human dignity of migrants and their family members, as well as of refugees.
3. For more information, see the website of the Prague Process.
- BG: парични трансфери на емигранти
- CZ: remitence
- DE: Rücküberweisung
- EE: rahaülekanded
- EN: remittance
- ES: remesas
- FI: rahalähetys
- FR: envois de fonds
- GA: seoltán
- GR: εμβάσματα
- HU: hazautalás
- IT: rimessa
- LT: perlaida
- LV: naudas pārvedumi
- MT: Trasferimenti / Bgħit ta’ flus (minn migranti lejn benefiċjarji f’pajjiżhom)
- NL: geldovermakingen (syn. geldoverdrachten)
- NO: pengeoverføringer (b) / pengeoverføringar (n)
- PL: przekazy pienieżne / transfery pieniężne
- PT: remessas
- RO: remitenţă
- SE: överföring
- SK: remitencie
- SL: nakazilo
In the EU context, a financial transfer from a migrant to a beneficiary(ies) in the migrant’s country of origin.
- BG: no translation
- CZ: riskantní přesouvání
- DE: gefährliche Weiterwanderung
- EE: ohtlik (edasi) liikumine
- EN: harmful onward movement
- ES: movimientos irregulares peligrosos
- FI: vaarallisin keinoin siirtyminen (uudistermi)
- FR: mouvement secondaire dangereux
- GA: athghluaiseacht dhainséarach
- HU: két hely közötti veszélyes átjutás
- IT: spostamento pericoloso
- LT: pavojingas judėjimas pirmyn
- LV: bīstama pārvietošanās
- MT: Mogħdija ’l quddiem dannuża / ta’ ħsara
- NL: no translation
- NO: risikabel viderereise (b) / risikabel vidarereise (n)
- PL: niebezpieczne dalsze przemieszczanie się
- RO: mişcare de avansare periculoasă
- SE: farlig vidareförflyttning
- SK: riskantné presúvanie sa utečencov a migrantov
- SL: škodljivo gibanje, ki gre dalje / Škodljivo gibanje, ki se nadaljuje
The movement of refugees and migrants by dangerous means from one location to another.
This term has only been recently put into use by practitioners.
- BG: Партньорство за мобилност
- CZ: partnerství pro mobilitu
- DE: Mobilitätspartnerschaft
- EE: rändepartnerlus
- EN: mobility partnership
- ES: asociación de movilidad
- FI: liikkuvuuskumppanuus
- FR: partenariat pour la mobilité
- GA: comhpháirtíocht soghluaisteachta
- GR: σύμπραξη κινητικότητας
- HU: mobilitási partnerség
- IT: partenariato per la mobilità
- LT: partnerystė judumo srityje
- LV: mobilitātes partnerība
- MT: Multikulturaliżmu
- NL: mobiliteitspartnerschappen
- NO: mobilitetspartnerskap (b) / mobilitetspartnarskap (n)
- PL: Partnerstwo na rzecz Mobilności
- PT: parcerias para a mobilidade
- RO: parteneriat de mobilitate
- SE: partnerskap för rörlighet
- SK: partnerstvo v oblasti mobility / mobilitné partnerstvo
- SL: partnerstvo za mobilnost
A cooperation arrangement, on the basis of political declarations, that provides the bilateral framework for dialogue and practical cooperation to address relevant migration and mobility issues of mutual concern primarily with EU neighbourhood countries, including short and long-term mobility, on a voluntary basis.
2. For further information on the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility and on mobility partnerships, see the website of DG HOME.
- BG: контрабанда на мигранти
- CZ: pašování migrantů
- DE: Schleusung von Migranten
- EE: sisserändajate ebaseaduslik üle piiri toimetamine
- EN: smuggling of migrants
- ES: tráfico de inmigrantes
- FI: maahanmuuttajien salakuljettaminen
- FR: trafic d’êtres humains
- GA: smuigleáil imirceach
- GR: λαθρεμπόριο μεταναστών
- HU: embercsempészés
- IT: traffico di migranti
- LT: neteisėtas migrantų gabenimas
- LV: migrantu kontrabanda
- MT: Ku(n)trabandu ta’ migranti
- NL: mensensmokkel
- NO: menneskesmugling
- PL: przemyt migrantów
- PT: auxílio à imigração ilegal
- RO: contabandă cu migranţi
- SE: smuggling av migranter
- SK: prevádzačstvo migrantov
- SL: tihotapljanje migrantov
The procurement, in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit, of the irregular entry of a person into a (UN) Member State of which the person is not a national or a permanent resident.
The UN Protocol was approved by Council Decision 2006/616/EC.
- BG: незаконен мигрант
- CZ: nelegální migrant
- DE: irregulärer Migrant
- EE: ebaseaduslik sisserändaja
- EN: irregular migrant
- ES: inmigrante en situación irregular
- FI: laittomasti maassa oleskeleva henkilö
- FR: migrant en séjour irrégulier
- GA: imirceach neamhrialta
- GR: παράνομος μετανάστης
- HU: irreguláris migráns
- IT: migrante irregolare
- LT: neteisėtas migrantas
- LV: nelikumīgs migrants
- MT: Migrant(a) irregolari
- NL: illegaal verblijvende migrant
- NO: irregulær migrant
- PL: migrant nieregularny
- PT: imigrante irregular
- RO: migrant ilegal
- SE: irreguljär migrant
- SK: nelegálny migrant / migrant bez platného povolenia na pobyt
- SL: ilegaln migrant / nezakonit priseljenec
In the EU context, a third-country national present on the territory of a Schengen State who does not fulfil, or no longer fulfils, the conditions of entry as set out in the Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code) or other conditions for entry, stay or residence in that EU Member State.
2. The term 'irregular' is preferable to 'illegal' migrant because the latter carries a criminal connotation, entering a country in an irregular manner, or staying with an irregular status, is not a criminal offence but an infraction of administrative regulations. Apart from this, juridically and ethically, an act can be legal or illegal but a person cannot. Thus more and more the term 'migrant in an irregular situation' or 'migrant with irregular status' is preferred.
3. The European Commission has used the term 'third-country national found to be illegally present' or 'illegally resident/staying third-country national' in legislation.
4. The Council of Europe differentiates between illegal migration and irregular migrant. Referring to Resolution 1509 (2006) of the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, ‘illegal’ is preferred when referring to a status or process, whereas 'irregular' is preferred.
- BG: незаконна миграция
- CZ: nelegální migrace
- DE: irreguläre Migration
- EE: ebaseaduslik ränne
- EN: irregular migration
- ES: inmigración irregular
- FI: sääntöjen vastainen maahanmuutto
- FR: migration irrégulière
- GA: imirce aimhrialta
- HU: irreguláris migráció
- IT: migrazione irregolare
- LT: nelegali (neteisėta) migracija
- LV: nelikumīga migrācija
- MT: Migrazzjoni irregolari
- NL: irreguliere migratie (not currently used; more common is „illegale migratie”)
- NO: irregulær migrasjon
- PL: migracja nieregularna
- PT: migração irregula
- RO: migraţie ilegală
- SE: irreguljär migration
- SK: nelegálna migrácia
- SL: ilegana migracija / neregulirana migracija / nedovoljena migracija
Movement of persons to a new place of residence or transit that takes place outside the regulatory norms of the sending, transit and receiving countries.
2. Defining irregular migration has been the subject of considerable debate. Terms such as illegal, undocumented, non-documented, and unauthorised migration can have different connotations in national policy debates. Due to this and the assocation with criminality the term 'illegal migration" should be avoided, as most irregular migrants are not criminals. Being in a country without the required papers is, in most countries, not a criminal offence but an administrative infringement.
3. While the UN use the term 'irregular' or 'undocumented' migration, the European Commission favoured for a long time the term 'illegal immigration', but more recently refers to 'irregular migration' as well.
4. The Council of Europe differentiates between illegal migration and irregular migrant. Referring to Resolution 1509 (2006) of the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, ‘illegal’ is preferred when referring to a status or process, whereas ‘irregular’ is preferred when referring to a person.
- BG: нетна миграция
- CZ: saldo migrace
- DE: Nettomigration
- EE: rändesaldo
- EN: net migration
- ES: saldo migratorio
- FI: nettomaahanmuutto
- FR: solde migratoire
- GA: imirce ghlan
- GR: δίκτυο μετανάστευσης
- HU: nettó migráció
- IT: migrazione netta (o saldo migratorio)
- LT: migracijos saldas
- LV: migrācijas saldo
- MT: Migrazzjoni netta
- NL: migratiesaldo (syn.: netto migratie)
- NO: netto migrasjon
- PL: migracja netto
- PT: saldo migratório
- RO: migraţia netă
- SE: nettomigration
- SK: migračné saldo / čistá migrácia
- SL: neto migracija
The difference between immigration into and emigration from a given area during the year.
2. Since many countries either do not have accurate figures on immigration and emigration or have no figures at all, net migration is frequently estimated as the difference between total population change and natural increase between two dates (in Eurostat’s database it is then called corrected net migration). The statistics on net migration are therefore affected by any statistical inaccuracies in any of the components used for their derivation.
- BG: работник мигрант на трудов договор
- CZ: smluvní pracovní pohyb
- DE: Vertragsarbeitnehmer
- EE: lepinguline võõrtöötaja
- EN: contract migrant worker
- ES: vertimo nėra
- FI: maahanmuuttaja, jolla on rajoitettu työnteko-oikeus
- FR: travailleur migrant sous contrat
- GA: oibrí imirceach ar conradh
- GR: μισθωτός μετανάστης εργαζόμενος / Εργατικός Μετανάστης
- HU: szerződéssel rendelkező / szerződéses migráns munkavállaló
- IT: lavoratore migrante a contratto
- LT: migrantas, dirbantis pagal sutartį
- LV: līgumdarbinieks migrants
- MT: Migrant ħaddiem b’kuntratt tax-xogħol
- NL: buitenlandse contractarbeider
- NO: migrant med begrenset arbeidsavtale (b) / migrant med avgrensa arbeidsavtale (n)
- PL: migrant / pracownik kontraktowy
- PT: trabalhador migrante por conta de outrem
- RO: lucrator migrant cu contract
- SE: vertimo nėra
- SK: pracujúci migrant so zmluvou na dobu určitú
- SL: pogodbeni delavec migrant
Person working in a country other than their own under contractual arrangements that set limits on the period of employment and on the specific job held by the migrant.
2. This full term is not commonly used; ‘contract worker’, which does not necessarily apply to migrants only, is more common.
- BG: no translation
- CZ: cizinec, kterému brání ve vycestování překážka na jeho vůli nezávislá
- DE: gestrandeter Migrant (term is not used in AT,DE, LU)
- EE: juhusisserändaja (no usual translation)
- EN: stranded migrant
- ES: migrante desamparado
- FI: maahan jäämään joutunut siirtolainen / no usual translation
- FR: migrant en détresse
- GA: imirceach sáinnithe
- HU: megfeneklett migránsok
- IT: migrante bloccato
- LT: migrantas, atsidūręs sunkioje padėtyje
- LV: grūtā stāvoklī nonācis migrants
- MT: Migrant(a) imwaħħal (imwaħħla) fil-post
- NL: gestrande migrant
- NO: migrant med påtvunget opphold (b) / migrant med påtvinga opphald (n)
- PL: migrant przymusowy
- RO: migrant forţat să rămână pe teritoriu
- SE: strandad migrant
- SK: uviaznutý migrant
- SL: ujeti migrant / nasedli migrant
A migrant who for reasons beyond their control has been unintentionally forced to stay in a country.
According to UNESCO, migrants may become stranded due to circumstances in the country of origin, a position of prolonged detention or practical difficulties. Stranded migrants may be individuals whose claim for refugee status has been rejected.
3. For further information, see UNESCO’s People on the Move Handbook.
- BG: квота
- CZ: kvóta
- DE: Quote
- EE: piirarv
- EN: quota
- ES: cuota
- FI: kiintiö
- FR: quota
- GA: cuóta
- GR: μερίδα / αναλογία / ποσοστό
- HU: kvóta
- IT: quota
- LT: kvota
- LV: kvota
- MT: Kwota
- NL: quotum
- NO: kvote
- PL: kwota
- PT: quota
- RO: cotă
- SE: kvot
- SK: kvóta
- SL: kvota
A quantitative restriction in the migration or asylum context.
Many countries establish quotas, or caps, on the number of migrants to be admitted each year.
- BG: движение в рамките на ЕС
- CZ: mobilita v rámci EU
- DE: EU-Binnenmobilität
- EE: Euroopa Liidu sisene liikuvus
- EN: intra-EU mobility
- ES: movilidad intracomunitaria
- FI: EU:n sisäinen liikkuvuus
- FR: mobilité intra-UE
- GA: gluaisteacht san AE
- HU: EU-n belüli mobilitás
- IT: mobilità intra-UE
- LT: judumas ES viduje
- LV: ES iekšējā mobilitāte
- MT: Intramobbiltà fl-UE
- NL: mobiliteit binnen de EU
- NO: mobilitet mellom EUs medlemsland
- PL: mobilność wewnątrzunijna
- RO: mobilitate intra UE
- SE: EU-intern rörlighet
- SK: mobilita v rámci Európskej únie / mobilita v rámci EÚ
- SL: notranja mobilnost v EU
Action of persons (EU nationals or legally resident third-country nationals ) undertaking their right to free movement by moving from one EU Member State to another.
2. Through separate agreements between the EU and IS, LI, NO and CH, the same rights to free movement apply to their citizens and their territories.
- BG: дългосрочен мигрант
- CZ: dlouhodobý migrant
- DE: langfristig aufhältiger Migrant, Langzeit-Migrant
- EE: pikaajaline sisserändaja
- EN: long-term migrant
- ES: persona migrante de carácter permanente
- FI: pitkään oleskellut maahanmuuttaja
- FR: migrant de longue durée
- GA: imirceach fadtéarmach
- GR: μετανάστης επί μακρόν διαμένων
- HU: huzamos tartózkodói jogállással rendelkező személy (not commonly used, ‘Letelepedett’ is used for persons who have the right to stay for an indefinite period)
- IT: migrante di lungo termine
- LT: ilgalaikis migrantas
- LV: ilgtermiņa migrants
- MT: Viża għal żjara / miġja / waqfa fit-tul
- NL: langverblijvende migrant (syn.: langdurige migrant)
- NO: migrant med langvarig opphold (b) / migrant med langvarig opphald (n)
- PL: migrant długookresowy
- PT: migrante de longa duração
- RO: migrant pe termen lung
- SE: långtidsmigrant
- SK: dlhodobý migrant
- SL: migrant za daljše obdobje
A person who moves to a country other than that of their usual residence for a period of at least a year (12 months), so that the country of destination effectively becomes their new country of usual residence.
- BG: върнат
- CZ: navracený cizinec
- DE: Rückkehrer
- EE: tagasipöörduja
- EN: returnee
- ES: extranjero retornado
- FI: paluumuuttaja / palaaja, (pakko)palautettava
- FR: rapatrié
- GA: imirceach fillteach
- GR: επαναπατριζόμενος
- HU: hazatérő / visszatérő
- IT: persona che compie ritorno
- LT: grąžinamasis / grįžtantysis
- LV: izraidāmais
- MT: Migrant(a) ritornat(a)
- NL: terugkeerder
- NO: den personen som vender hjem (b) / den personen som vender heim (n)
- PL: osoba powracająca
- PT: retornado
- RO: returnat
- SE: återvändare
- SK: navrátilec
- SL: oseba, ki je predmet vračanja
A person going from a host country back to a country of origin, country of nationality or habitual residence usually after spending a significant period of time in the host country whether voluntary or forced, assisted or spontaneous.
The definition covers all categories of migrants (persons who have resided legally in a country as well as failed asylum seekers) and different ways the return is implemented (e.g. voluntary, forced, assisted and spontaneous). It does not cover stays shorter than three months (such as holiday visits or business meetings and other visits typically considered to be for a period of time of less than three months).
- BG: верижна миграция
- CZ: řetězová migrace
- DE: Kettenmigration
- EE: ahelränne
- EN: chain migration
- ES: cadena migratoria
- FI: ketjumaahanmuutto
- FR: migration en chaîne
- GA: imirce shlabhrúil
- GR: αλυσίδα μετανάστευση
- HU: lánc-migráció
- IT: catena migratoria
- LV: ķēdes migrācija
- MT: Katina ta’ migrazzjoni
- NL: kettingmigratie
- NO: kjedemigrasjon
- PL: migracja łańcuchowa
- RO: migratie in lant
- SE: kedjemigration
- SK: reťazová migrácia
- SL: verižna migracija
The practice where those who have settled on a family reunification basis can themselves sponsor further family members, consistent with European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) obligations.
2. Chain migration may also be based on ethnic or family ties with members of the same family migrating at different times, usually with primary wage earners migrating first, followed by secondary or non-wage earners. In countries with more or less liberal regulations on the rights of migrants to family reunification usually in accordance with international conventions, family reunification as an incidence of chain migration explains much of the growth in the total migrant population.
- BG: тест на пазара на труда
- CZ: test trhu práce
- DE: Arbeitsmarkttest
- EE: tööturu test
- EN: labour market test
- ES: Catálogo de ocupaciones de difícil cobertura
- FI: työvoiman saatavuusharkinta
- FR: examen du marché de l’emploi / du travail
- GA: tástáil sa mhargadh fostaíochta
- HU: munkaerőpiaci felmérés
- IT: analisi del mercato del lavoro
- LT: darbo rinkos testas
- LV: darba tirgus tests
- MT: Test dwar is-suq tax-xogħol
- NL: arbeidsmarkttoets
- NO: arbeidsmarkedsvurdering (b) / arbeidsmarknadsvurdering (n)
- PL: test rynku pracy
- RO: testarea pieţei forţei de muncă
- SE: arbetsmarknadsprövning
- SK: skúmanie situácie na trhu práce
- SL: pregled trga dela
Mechanism that aims to ensure that migrant workers are only admitted after employers have unsuccessfully searched for national workers, EU citizens (in EU Member States this also means EEA workers) or legally residing third-country nationals with access to the labour market according to national legislation.
2. EU Member States apply different methodologies in undertaking LMTs. In general, a considerable role is left to employers and public employment services. Duration of the verification process varies among EU Member States.
3. For further information, see EMN: Satisfying labour demand through migration, June 2011.
- BG: гост работник
- CZ: vertimo nėra
- DE: Gastarbeiter
- EE: võõrtöötaja
- EN: guest worker
- ES: trabajador invitado
- FI: vierastyöläinen
- FR: travailleur étranger
- GA: aoi-oibrí
- GR: μετακαλούμενος εργαζόμενος
- HU: vendégmunkás
- IT: lavoratore ospite
- LT: besisvečiuojantis darbuotojas
- LV: viesstrādnieks
- MT: Ħaddiem mistieden
- NL: gastarbeider
- NO: gjestearbeider (b) / gjestearbeidar (n)
- PL: gastarbaiter
- PT: trabalhador convidado
- RO: lucrător vizitator
- SE: gästarbetare
- SK: zahraničný hosťujúci pracovník
- SL: gostujoči delavec
An economic migrant recruited for a restricted time of settlement and employment.
This term is no longer used in the EU context . It was more or less restricted to migration flows in the 1950s and 1960s.
- BG: Общи основни принципи
- CZ: společné základní principy
- DE: Gemeinsame Grundprinzipien
- EE: ühtsed aluspõhimõtted
- EN: Common Basic Principles
- ES: principios básicos comunes
- FI: yhteiset perusperiaatteet
- FR: principes de base communs
- GA: comhphrionsabail bhunúsacha
- GR: κοινές βασικές αρχές
- HU: közös alapelvek
- IT: Principi Comuni di Base
- LT: bendrieji pagrindiniai integracijos principai
- LV: kopīgie pamatprincipi
- LT: bendrieji pagrindiniai integracijos principai
- MT: Prinċipji Bażiċi Komuni
- NL: gemeenschappelijke basisprincipes
- NO: felles grunnleggende prinsipper (b) / Felles grunnleggjande prinsipp (n)
- PL: Wspólne Podstawowe Zasady
- PT: princípios básicos comuns
- RO: principii comune de bază
- SE: gemensamma grundprinciper
- SK: spoločné základné princípy / spoločné základné zásady
- SL: Skupna temeljna načela
In the context of EU integration policy, a set of 11 simple, non-binding but thoughtful guidelines intended to assist EU Member States in formulating their integration policies.
2. The Common Basic Principles offer a guide for EU Member States against which they can judge and assess their own efforts. They can also use these basic principles to set priorities and further develop their own measurable goals. The principles are relevant both for EU Member States with considerable experience of substantial immigration as well as for those that have more recently become destinations for significant numbers of immigrants.
3. For more information, see the EU website on integration.
- BG: висококвалифициран миграант
- CZ: vysoce kvalifikovaný zaměstnanec; vysoce kvalifikovaný pracovník
- DE: hochqualifizierter Migrant
- EE: kõrgelt kvalifitseeritud sisserändaja
- EN: highly qualified migrant
- ES: persona migrante altamente cualificada
- FI: korkeasti koulutettu maahanmuuttaja
- FR: migrant hautement qualifié
- GA: imirceach ardcháilithe
- GR: μετανάστης υψηλης εξειδίκευσης
- HU: magasan képzett migráns
- IT: migrante altamente qualificato
- LT: aukštos kvalifikacijos migrantas
- LV: augsti kvalificēts migrants
- MT: Migrant(a) bi kwalifiki għoljin
- NL: hooggekwalificeerde migrant
- NO: høyt kvalifisert migrant (b) / høgt kvalifisert migrant (n)
- PL: migrant wysoko wykwalifikowany
- PT: Migrante altamente qualificado
- RO: migrant înalt calificat
- SE: högkvalificerad migrant
- SK: vysokokvalifikovaný migrant
- SL: visoko kvalificiran migrant
In the EU context, a third-country national who seeks employment in an EU Member State and has the required adequate and specific competence, as proven by higher professional qualifications.
2. The understanding of who is a ‘highly qualified’ and a ‘qualified third-country national’ varies in the EU Member States, with different definitions and concepts existing. Often these depend on national labour market demands and other national criteria. For more information, see EMN: Attracting highly qualified and qualified third-country nationals, 2013.
- BG: лице с миграционен произход
- CZ: osoba s migračním pozadím
- DE: Person mit Migrationshintergrund
- EE: rändetaustaga isik
- EN: person with a migratory background
- ES: persona de origen migratorio
- FI: maahanmuuttajataustainen henkilö
- FR: personne issue de l’immigration
- GA: duine ag a bhfuil cúlra imirceach
- HU: bevándorlói háttérrel rendelkező személy
- IT: persona con un background migratorio
- LT: asmuo, kilęs iš migrantų šeimos, arba asmuo, gyvenantis ne savo kilmės šalyje
- LV: persona ar migrācijas pieredzi
- MT: Persuna bi storja ta’ migrazzjoni warajha
- NL: Persoon met een migratieachtergrond
- NO: person med innvandrerbakgrunn (b) / person med innvandrarbakgrunn (n)
- PL: osoba z przeszłością migracyjną
- PT: Pessoa com antecedentes migratórios
- RO: persoană cu trecut migraţionist
- SE: person med invandrarbakgrund
- SK: osoba s migrantským pôvodom
- SL: oseba z migracijskim ozadjem
(a) migrated into their present country of residence; and / or
(b) previously had a different nationality from their present country of residence; and / or
(c) at least one of their parents previously entered their present country of residence as a migrant.
2. Point (a) can also include a national of the country of residence who previously lived elsewhere and then returned to their country of nationality.
- BG: циркулярна миграция
- CZ: cirkulační / cirkulární migrace
- DE: zirkuläre Migration
- EE: korduvränne
- EN: circular migration
- ES: migración circular
- FI: kiertomuutto
- FR: migration circulaire
- GA: imirce chiorclach
- GR: κυκλική μετανάστευση
- HU: körkörös migráció
- IT: migrazione circolare
- LT: apykaitinė migracija
- LV: cirkulārā migrācija
- MT: Migrazzjoni ċirkolari
- NL: circulaire migratie
- NO: sirkulær migrasjon
- PL: migracja cyrkulacyjna
- PT: migração circular
- RO: migraţie circulară
- SE: cirkulär migration
- SK: okružná migrácia / cirkulárna migrácia
- SL: krožna migracija
A repetition of legal migration by the same person between two or more countries.
(a) Circular migration of third-country nationals settled in the EU
This category of circular migration gives people the opportunity to engage in an activity (business, professional, voluntary or other) in their country of origin while retaining their main residence in one of the EU Member States. This covers various groups, e.g.:
- business persons working in the EU and wishing to start an activity in their country of origin (or in another third country); and
- doctors, professors or other professionals willing to support their country of origin by conducting part of their professional activity there.
(b) Circular migration of persons residing in a third country
Circular migration could create an opportunity for persons residing in a third country to come to the EU temporarily for work, study, training or a combination of these, on the condition that, at the end of the period for which they were granted entry, they must re-establish their main residence and their main activity in their country of origin. Circularity can be enhanced by giving migrants the possibility, once they have returned, to retain some form of privileged mobility to and from the EU Member States where they were formerly residing, for example in the form of simplified admission / re-entry procedures. This category covers a wide array of situations, spanning the whole spectrum of migrants, including:
- third-country nationals wishing to work temporarily in the EU, e.g. in seasonal employment;
- third-country nationals wishing to study or train in Europe before returning to their country;
- third-country nationals who, after having completed their studies, wish to be employed in the EU (e.g. as trainees) to acquire professional experience which is difficult to obtain at home, before returning;
- third-country researchers wishing to carry out a research project in the EU;
- third-country nationals who wish to take part in intercultural people-to-people exchanges and other activities in the field of culture, active citizenship, education and youth (such as, for example, training courses, seminars, events, study visits);
- third-country nationals who wish to carry out an unremunerated voluntary service pursuing objectives of general interest in the EU.
- BG: второ поколение мигрант
- CZ: migrant druhé generace
- DE: Migrant der zweiten Generation
- EE: teise põlvkonna sisserändaja
- EN: second-generation migrant
- ES: inmigrante de segunda generación
- FI: toisen polven maahanmuuttaja
- FR: migrant de la deuxième génération
- GA: imirceach den dara glúin
- HU: Migráns (második generációs)
- IT: migrante di seconda generazione
- LT: antrosios kartos migrantas
- LV: otrās paaudzes migrants
- MT: Migrant(a) tat-ieni ġenerazzjoni
- NL: tweedegeneratie allochtoon (syn: tweedegeneratiemigrant)
- NO: person med to innvandrerforeldre (b) / person med to innvandrarforeldre (n)
- PL: migrant drugiego pokolenia
- PT: Migrante de segunda geração
- RO: migrant (a doua generaţie)
- SE: andra generationens invandrare
- SK: migrant [z] druhej generácie
- SL: migrant druge generacije
A person who was born in and is residing in a country that at least one of their parents previously entered as a migrant.
Strictly this term does not relate to a migrant, since the person concerned has not undertaken a migration, but the term is included as it is commonly used in publications and the media.
2. According to the Recommendations for the 2010 Censuses of Population and Housing , the group referred to as ‘second-generation’ is generally restricted to those persons whose parents were born abroad, whereas those persons having one parent born in the country and the other one born abroad represent a special case (they form the group of persons with a mixed background). As explained in 1. above, a broader definition was considered more appropriate for the work of the EMN.
- BG: репатриране
- CZ: repatriace
- DE: Repatriierung
- EE: tagasipöördumine (repatrieerumine)
- EN: repatriation
- ES: repatriación
- FI: paluu, palauttaminen
- FR: rapatriement
- GA: aisdúichiú
- GR: επαναπατρισμός
- HU: hazatelepítés
- IT: rimpatrio
- LT: repatriacija
- LV: repatriācija
- MT: Ripatrijazzjoni
- NL: repatriëring (NL syn.: naar het vaderland terugkeren / naar het vaderland terugbrengen)
- NO: repatriering
- PL: repatriacja
- PT: repatriamento
- RO: repatriere
- SE: återvandring
- SK: repatriácia
- SL: repatriacija
The personal right of a refugee or a prisoner of war to return to their country of nationality under specific conditions laid down in various international instruments and human rights instruments as well as in customary international law.
2. The option of repatriation is bestowed upon the individual personally and not upon the detaining power. In the law of international armed conflict, repatriation also entails the obligation of the detaining power to release eligible persons (soldiers and civilians) and the duty of the country of origin to receive its own nationals at the end of hostilities. Even if treaty law does not contain a general rule on this point, it is today readily accepted that the repatriation of prisoners of war and civil detainees has been consented to implicitly by the interested parties. Repatriation as a term also applies to diplomatic envoys and international officials in times of international crisis as well as expatriates and migrants.
3. Depending on the EU Member State, this term has different meanings / connotations: in PL, RO, NL, NO this refers specifically to repatriating their nationals back to PL, RO, NL, NO respectively. In ES, IE, IT, UK, it is often used in the context of returning third-country nationals to their country of origin. In EE, the term refers specifically to persons of Estonia or ethnic Estonians’ resettlement to Estonia. In LV, the term refers specifically to the persons of Latvian or Liiv origin to resettle with permanent residence in Latvia. In PT, the term has no legal concept, being used more as a sociological term. It is commonly used to refer to Portuguese citizens that return to Portugal, including being forced to return.
4. The term should not be confused with ‘voluntary repatriation’ which is according to the UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology defined as follows: ‘Return to the country of origin on the basis of the freely expressed willingness of the refugees’. The returns have to take place in conditions of safety, dignity and security. The principle of ‘voluntariness’ must be viewed in relation to both: conditions in the country of origin (calling for an informed decision) and the situation in the country of asylum (permitting a free choice). For more information, see UNHCR: Voluntary Repatriation: International Protection – handbook, 1996.
- BG: реинтеграция
- CZ: reintegrace
- DE: Reintegration
- EE: taaslõimumine
- EN: reintegration
- ES: reintegración
- FI: uudelleen kotouttaminen
- FR: réintégration
- GA: athimeascadh
- GR: επανένταξη
- HU: reintegráció (visszailleszkedés)
- IT: reintegrazione
- LT: reintegracija
- LV: reintegrācija
- MT: Riintegrazzjoni
- NL: reïntegratie
- NO: reintegrering
- PL: reintegracja
- PT: reintegração
- RO: reintegrare
- SE: återintegrering
- SK: reintegrácia
- SL: reintegracija / ponovna integracija
Re-inclusion or re-incorporation of a person into a group or a process, e.g. of a migrant into the society of their country of return.
- BG: Национални точки за контакт по интеграция
- CZ: národní kontaktní body na integraci
- DE: Nationale Kontaktstellen für Integration
- EE: integratsiooni riiklikud kontaktpunktid
- EN: National Contact Points on Integration
- ES: puntos de contacto nacional de integración
- FI: kotouttamisasioiden kansalliset yhteyspisteet
- FR: Points de contact nationaux en matière d’intégration
- GA: Pointí Teagmhála Náisiúnta le haghaidh Imeascadh
- GR: Εθνικά Σημεία Επαφής για την Ένταξη
- HU: nemzeti integrációs kapcsolattartó pontok
- IT: Punti di contatto nazionali sull’integrazione
- LT: nacionaliniai integracijos informacijos centrai
- LV: nacionālie integrācijas kontaktpunkti
- MT: Punti ta’ Kuntatt Nazzjonali fuq l-Integrazzjoni
- NL: nationale contactpunten voor integratie
- NO: nasjonale kontaktpunkter på integreringsfeltet (b) / nasjonale kontaktpunkt på integreringsfeltet (n)
- PL: Krajowe punkty kontaktowe ds. Integracji
- PT: Pontos de Contacto Nacionais de Integração
- RO: punctele naţionale de contact pentru integrare
- SE: nationella kontaktpunkter på integrationsområdet
- SK: národné kontaktné body pre integráciu
- SL: Nacionalne kontaktne točke za integracijo
A network of authorities responsible for integration issues which serves to facilitate exchange of information and good practice at EU level with the purpose of finding successful solutions for integration of immigrants in all EU Member States and to ensure policy coordination and coherence at national level and with EU initiatives.
2. The National Contact Points on Integration consider inter alia employment, education, language, health, housing, culture and participation. The network’s long-term objective is to develop and reinforce the European framework for integration, in order to define basic common principles and objectives, to determine assessment measures, and to reinforce the coordination of national and European integration policies.
3. One output which the National Contact Points on Integration are very much involved in are the Handbooks on Integration. For more information, see the European website on Integration.
- BG: смесен миграционен поток
- CZ: smíšený migrační tok
- DE: gemischte Wanderungs-/ Migrationsbewegung
- EE: segarändevoog (dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra)
- EN: mixed migration flow
- ES: flujo migratorio mixto
- FI: erilaisista ryhmistä koostuva muuttovirta
- FR: flux migratoire mixte
- GA: sreabhadh imirce measctha
- HU: vegyes migrációs áramlás
- IT: flusso migratorio misto
- LT: mišrus migracijos srautas
- LV: jauktas migrācijas plūsma
- MT: Fluss migratorju mħallat // Nixxiegħa migratorja mħallta
- NL: gemengde migratiestroom
- NO: blandet migrasjonsstrøm (b) / blanda migrasjonsstraum (n)
- PL: mieszane przepływy migracyjne
- RO: flux de migraţie mixtă
- SE: blandade migrationsströmmar
- SK: zmiešané migračné toky
- SL: mešani migracijski tok
Complex migratory population movement including refugees , asylum-seekers, economic migrants and other types of migrants as opposed to migratory population movements that consist entirely of one category of migrants.
- BG: брой на мигрантите
- CZ: počet imigrantů - stav k
- DE: Anzahl der Einwanderer
- EE: sisserännanute arv kindlal territooriumil, teatud aja seisuga
- EN: migrant stock
- ES: población inmigrante
- FI: maahanmuuttajaväestön määrä
- FR: stock de migrants
- GA: lion na n-imirceach
- HU: bevándorlók aránya
- IT: stock di migranti
- LT: migrantų skaičius
- LV: migrantu skaits (1.janvārī)
- MT: Rendikont tal-migranti
- NL: migrant stock (dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra)
- NO: antall registrert bosatte innvandrere (b) / tal på registrert busette innvandrarar (n)
- PL: populacja migrantów w danym momencie
- RO: stoc de migranţi
- SE: migrantstock
- SK: počet migrantov / stav migrantov
- SL: število priseljenecev / „zaloga“ migrantov
The number of migrants in a given area on a certain date (e.g. 1 January or 31 December) of the year in question.
- BG: работник мигрант
- CZ: migrant - zaměstnanec
- DE: Arbeitsmigrant / Wanderarbeiter / Wanderarbeitnehmer
- EE: võõrtöötaja
- EN: migrant worker
- ES: trabajador migrante
- FI: siirtotyöläinen / vierastyöläinen
- FR: travailleur migrant
- GA: oibrí imirceach
- GR: εργαζόμενος μετανάστης
- HU: migráns munkavállaló
- IT: lavoratore migrante
- LT: migrantas darbuotojas
- LV: darba ņēmējs migrants
- MT: Migrant(a) ħaddiem(a)
- NL: arbeidsmigrant (syn.: buitenlandse werknemer)
- NO: arbeidsmigrant
- PL: pracownik migrujący
- PT: trabalhador migrante
- RO: lucrător / muncitor migrant
- SE: migrantarbetare
- SK: migrujúci pracovník / pracovný migrant
- SL: delavec migrant
A person who is to be engaged, is engaged or has been engaged in a remunerated activity in a state of which they are not nationals.
2. For the purpose of the EMN the UN definition is prefered as it is more common in literature and more comprehensive since it specifically includes those migrant workers who may currently be out of work, but had been working earlier. The Convention also includes self-employed workers.
- BG: мигрант
- CZ: migrant
- DE: Migrant
- EE: sisserändaja
- EN: migrant
- ES: persona migrante
- FI: maahanmuuttaja / siirtolainen
- FR: migrant
- GA: imirceach
- GR: μετανάστης
- HU: migráns
- IT: migrante
- LT: migrantas
- LV: migrants
- MT: Migrant(a)
- NL: migrant
- NO: migrant
- PL: migrant
- PT: migrante
- RO: migrant
- SE: migrant
- SK: migrant
- SL: migrant
In the EU/EFTA context, a person who either:
(i) establishes their usual residence in the territory of an EU/EFTA Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months, having previously been usually resident in another EU/EFTA Member State or a third country; or
(ii) having previously been usually resident in the territory of the EU/EFTA Member State, ceases to have their usual residence in the EU/EFTA Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months.
2. Under the UN definition, those travelling for shorter periods as tourists and business persons would not be considered migrants. However, common usage includes certain kinds of shorter-term migrants such as seasonal workers.
3. The term 'migrant' is usually understood to cover all cases where the decision to migrate is taken freely by the individual concerned for reasons of 'personal convenience' and without intervention of an external compelling factor; it therefore applies to persons, and family members, moving to another country or region to better their material or social conditions and improve the prospect for themselves or their family.
4. This definition does not include intra-EU mobility of citizens or residents, even though national concepts of international migration may include mobility, as will national statistics on international migration.
- BG: миграционен поток
- CZ: migrační tok
- DE: Wanderungsbewegung / Migrationsbewegung
- EE: rändevoog
- EN: migration flow
- ES: flujo migratorio
- FI: muuttovirta
- FR: flux migratoire
- GA: sreabhadh imirce
- GR: μεταναστευτική ροή
- HU: migrációs áramlat
- IT: flusso migratorio
- LT: migracijos / migrantų srautas
- LV: migrācijas plūsma
- MT: Nixxiegħa migratorja
- NL: migratiestroom
- NO: migrasjonsstrøm (b) / migrasjonsstraum (n)
- PL: strumień migracyjny
- PT: fluxo migratório
- RO: flux de migraţie
- SE: migrationsströmmar
- SK: migračný tok
- SL: migracijski tok
The number of migrants crossing a boundary, within a specific time period, for the purpose of establishing residence.
2. UN statistics in particular also refer to ‘inflows’ (flow of migrants entering into a particular boundary) and ‘outflows’ (flow of migrants leaving a particular boundary).
- BG: миграция
- CZ: migrace
- DE: Migration
- EE: ränne
- EN: migration
- ES: migración
- FI: muuttoliike / siirtolaisuus
- FR: migration
- GA: imirce
- GR: μετανάστευση
- HU: migráció
- IT: migrazione
- LT: migracija
- LV: migrācija
- MT: Migrazzjoni
- NL: migratie
- NO: migrasjon
- PL: migracja
- PT: migração
- RO: migraţie
- SE: migration
- SK: migrácia
- SL: migracija
In the EU context, the action by which a person either:
(i) establishes their usual residence in the territory of an EU Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months, having previously been usually resident in another EU Member State or a third country; or
(ii) having previously been usually resident in the territory of an EU Member State, ceases to have their usual residence in that EU Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months.
2. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) defines migration as follows: 'movement of a person or a group of persons, either across an international border (international migration), or within a state (internal migration), encompassing any kind of movement of people, whatever its length, composition and causes'. This broad definition covers all forms of migration (voluntrary/forced migration, internal/international migration, long-term/short-term migration), different motives for migration (migration because of political persecution, conflicts, economic problems, environmental degradation or a combination of these reasons or migration in search of better economic conditions or conditions of survival or well-being, or other motives such as familiy reunfication) and irrespective of the means used to migrate (legal/irregular migration). Thus it includes migration of refugees, displaced persons, economic migrants and persons moving for other purposes, including family reunification.
3. Under the UN, the definition 'movements for shorter periods' would not be considered migration.
- BG: Мрежа за информация и координация на службите за управление на миграцията на държавите членки
- CZ: Informační a koordinační síť pro služby řízení migrace členských států (ICONet)
- DE: Informations- und Koordinierungsnetz für die Migrationsbehörden der Mitgliedstaaten
- EE: liikmesriikide migratsiooniteenistuste info-ja koordineerimisvõrgustik
- EN: Information and Coordination Network for Member States’ Migration Management Services
- ES: ICONet
- FI: tieto- ja koordinointiverkosto maahanmuuton hallinnasta vastaavia jäsenvaltioiden viranomaisia varten (ICONet)
- FR: Réseau d’information et de coordination sécurisé connecté à l’internet pour les services des États membres chargés de la gestion des flux migratoires (ICONet)
- GA: ICONet
- GR: Δίκτυο Άτυπων Επαγγελματικών Προσόντων
- HU: a tagállamok migrációkezelési szolgálatainak információs és koordinációs hálózata
- IT: Rete di Informazione e Coordinamento per i Servizi di Gestione dell’Immigrazione degli Stati Membri (ICONet)
- LT: Informacijos ir koordinavimo tinklas, skirtas valstybių narių migracijos valdymo tarnyboms
- LV: Informācijas un koordinācijas tīkls dalībvalstu migrācijas pārvaldes dienestiem
- MT: Netwerk ta’ Informazzjoni u Koordinazzjoni għas-Servizzi dwar Ġestjoni ta’ Migrazzjoni fl-Istati Membri (ICONet)
- NL: ICONet
- NO: ICONet
- PL: ICONet / dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra
- PT: ICONet
- RO: Reţeaua de informare şi coordonare a serviciilor de management al migraţiei din statele membre (ICONet)
- SE: ICONet
- SK: Informačná a koordinačná sieť pre služby riadenia migrácie členských štátov / ICONet
- SL: Informacijska in koordinacijska mreža služb držav članic za upravljanje migracije
A secure web-based information and coordination network for the rapid information exchange between EU Member States on irregular migration flows and phenomena, and the return of illegal residents.
2. The elements for information exchange shall include at least the following:
(a) early warning system on irregular immigration and facilitator networks;
(b) network of immigration liaison officers ;
(c) information on the use of visas, borders and travel documents in relation to illegal immigration; and
(d) return-related issues.
- BG: имигрант
- CZ: přistěhovalec / imigrant
- DE: Zuwanderer (EU acquis) / Einwanderer / Immigrant
- EE: sisserändaja
- EN: immigrant
- ES: inmigrante
- FI: maahanmuuttaja / siirtolainen
- FR: immigrant
- GA: inimirceach
- GR: μετανάστης
- HU: bevándorló
- IT: immigrante
- LT: imigrantas
- LV: imigrants
- MT: Immigrant(a)
- NL: immigrant
- NO: innvandrer (b) / innvandrar (n)
- PL: imigrant
- PT: imigrante
- RO: imigrant
- SE: invandrare
- SK: prisťahovalec (national law) / imigrant
- SL: priseljenec
In the EU context, a person who establishes their usual residence in the territory of an EU Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months, having previously been usually resident in another EU Member State or a third country.
- BG: офицер за връзка по имиграция
- CZ: imigrační styčný důstojník
- DE: Verbindungsbeamter für Einwanderungsfragen
- EE: Euroopa sisserände sideametnik
- EN: Immigration Liaison Officer
- ES: oficiales de enlace de inmigración
- FI: maahanmuuttoalan yhdyshenkilö
- FR: officier de liaison «Immigration»
- GA: Oifigeach Idirchaidrimh Inimirce (ILO)
- GR: Σύνδεσμος Μετανάστευσης (αξιωματούχος)
- HU: bevándorlási összekötő tiszt(viselő)
- IT: funzionario di collegamento incaricato dell’immigrazione
- LT: imigracijos ryšių palaikymo pareigūnas
- LV: imigrācijas sadarbības koordinators
- MT: Uffiċjal tal-Kollegament Responsabbli għall‑Immigrazzjoni (UKRI)
- NL: immigratieverbindingsfunctionaris, (syn.: immigratieverbindingsambtenaar; in daily practice: ILO)
- NO: kontaktperson med ansvar for immigrasjon
- PL: oficer łącznikowy ds. imigracji
- PT: Oficial de ligação de imigração
- RO: ofiţer de legătură pe probleme de imigraţie (in daily practice ILO)
- SE: sambandsman för invandring
- SK: imigračný styčný dôstojník
- SL: Uradnik za zvezo za priseljevanje
A representative of one of the EU Member States, posted abroad by the immigration service or other competent authorities in order to establish and maintain contacts with the authorities of the host country with a view to contributing to the prevention and combating of irregular migration, the return of irregular migrants and the management of legal migration.
2. The immigration liaison officers could be posted to the national consular authorities of EU Member States in third countries or to the relevant authorities of other EU Member States, but also to the competent authorities of the third countries, as well as to international organisations for a reasonable time period to be determined by the posting EU Member State.
3. An amendment to Regulation (EC) 377/2004 modifying its Articles 3, 4 and 6 was adopted as Regulation (EU) No 493/2011 (Immigration Liaison Officer Regulation) on 5 April 2011.
- BG: имиграционна квота
- CZ: imigrační kvóta
- DE: Zuwanderungsquote / Einwanderungsquote
- EE: sisserände piirarv
- EN: immigration quota
- ES: cuota de inmigración
- FI: maahanmuuttokiintiö
- FR: quota d’immigration
- GA: cuóta inimirce
- GR: μεταναστευτική αναλογία / μερίδα
- HU: bevándorlási kvóta
- IT: quota (per immigrati)
- LT: imigracijos kvota
- LV: imigrācijas kvota
- MT: Kwota ta’ immigrazzjoni
- NL: immigratiequota
- NO: innvandringskvote
- PL: kwota imigracyjna
- PT: quota de imigração
- RO: cotă de imigraţie
- SE: invandringskvot
- SK: prisťahovalecká kvóta / imigračná kvóta
- SL: kvota za priseljevanje
A quota established for and by the country, normally for the purposes of labour migration, for the entry of immigrants.
In the EU context, such quotas are primarily used for third-country nationals only.
- BG: Европейска система за наблюдение на външните граници
- CZ: evropský systém ostrahy vnější hranice
- DE: Europäisches Grenzüberwachungssystem
- EE: Euroopa välispiiride seiresüsteem
- EN: European Border Surveillance System
- ES: Sistema europeo de vigilancia de fronteras
- FI: Euroopan rajavalvontajärjestelmä
- FR: Système européen de surveillance des frontières extérieures
- GA: an Córas Eorpach um Fhaireachas ar Theorainneacha Seachtracha
- HU: Európai Határőrizeti Rendszer
- IT: Sistema europeo di sorveglianza delle frontiere esterne
- LT: Europos sienų stebėjimo sistema
- LV: Eiropas ārējo robežu uzraudzības sistēma
- MT: Sistema Ewropea għas-Sorveljanza tal-Konfini /tal-Fruntieri
- NL: Europees grensbewakingssysteem
- NO: Det europeiske overvåkingssystemet for yttergrensene
- PL: Europejski system nadzorowania granic
- PT: Sistema Europeu de Vigilância das Fronteiras
- RO: sistemul de supraveghere a frontierelor UE
- SE: Europeiska gränsövervakningssystemet
- SK: Európsky systém hraničného dozoru
- SL: Evropskega sistema varovanja meja
A common framework for the exchange of information and for the cooperation between EU Member States and Frontex to improve situational awareness and to increase reaction capability at the external EU borders for the purpose of detecting, preventing and combating irregular migration and cross-border crime, and contributing to ensuring the protection and saving the lives of migrants.
1. EUROSUR was set up under Council Regulation (EU) No 1052/2013 (EUROSUR Regulation).
2. For more information, see the webpage of European Commission on EUROSUR.
- BG: Структурен диалог по въпросите на миграцията между ЕС и страните от Латинска Америка
- CZ: Strukturální dialog o migraci mezi EU a Latinskou Amerikou
- DE: Strukturierter Dialog über Migrationsfragen zwischen der EU und den Ländern Lateinamerikas und der Karibik
- EE: (EL ja Lõuna-Ameerika ning Kariibi) või EL ja LAC rände struktureeritud dialoog
- EN: EU-LAC Structured Dialogue on Migration
- ES: Diálogo estructurado UE-ALC sobre migración
- FI: EU:n ja Latinalaisen Amerikan ja Karibian maiden välinen rakenteellinen vuoropuhelu muuttoliikkeestä
- FR: Dialogue structuré sur les migrations entre l’UE et les pays d’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes (ALC)
- GA: Idirphlé Struchtúrtha idir an AE agus tíortha Mheiriceá Laidinigh agus Mhuir Chairib (MLC) maidir leis an Imirce
- HU: EU-LAC strukturális migrációs párbeszéd
- IT: Dialogo strutturato UE-ALC sulla migrazione
- LT: ES ir LAKR šalių struktūrinis dialogas migracijos klausimais
- LV: Eiropas Savienības, Latīņamerikas un Karību jūras reģiona valstu strukturēts dialogs par migrāciju
- MT: Djalogu Strutturat fuq il-Migrazzjoni - UE u ALK
- NL: EU-LAC gestructureerde dialoog over migratie
- NO: EU–LACs strukturerte dialog om migrasjon
- PL: EU-LAC Strukturalny dialog na rzecz migracji
- PT: diálogo estruturado sobre migrações EU-ALC
- RO: dialogul structurat cu privire la migraţie EU-LAC
- SE: EU-LAC strukturerad dialog om migration
- SK: Štruktúrovaný dialóg EÚ - Latinská Amerika a Karibik o migrácii
- SL: EU - LAC Strukturni dialog o migracijah
A forum for the identification of common challenges and areas for mutual cooperation, as well as building a stronger evidence base for EU-LAC (Latin America and the Caribbean) migration in order to better understand its realities, based on the principle of shared responsibility, strengthening the commitment and willingness of both sides to discuss migration issues.
1. In June 2009, the European Union and the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) formally launched the Structured and Comprehensive bi-regional Dialogue on Migration.
2. In the framework of the Dialogue, parties will exchange views in the following main areas: link between migration and development; regular migration and irregular migration; migration and the issue of human rights, including protection of migrants in accordance with international obligations; the fight against all forms of discrimination, racism and xenophobia; legislative and administrative measures applicable to migrants in an irregular situation; issues related to return on a dignified basis and voluntary return; measures to combat trafficking in human beings and smuggling of migrants, and the prevention of document fraud.
3. For more information, see the website of the EU-LAC Dialogue.
- BG: емигрант
- CZ: vystěhovalec; emigrant
- DE: Abwanderer / Auswanderer / Emigrant
- EE: väljarändaja
- EN: emigrant
- ES: emigrante
- FI: maastamuuttaja / siirtolainen
- FR: émigrant
- GA: eisimirceach
- GR: απόδημος / μετανάστης
- HU: emigráns
- IT: emigrante
- LT: emigrantas
- LV: emigrants
- MT: Emigrant(a)
- NL: emigrant
- NO: utvandrer
- PL: emigrant
- PT: emigrante
- RO: emigrant
- SE: utvandrare
- SK: vysťahovalec (national law) / emigrant
- SL: izseljenec /emigrant
In the EU context, a person who, having previously been usually resident in the territory of an EU Member State, ceases to have their usual residence in that EU Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months
National legislation might understand different time limits in their definitions.
- BG: иконимически мигрант
- CZ: ekonomický migrant
- DE: Migrant aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen / Wirtschaftsmigrant
- EE: majandusmigrant
- EN: economic migrant
- ES: persona migrante por motivos económicos
- FI: taloudellisten syiden vuoksi muuttava henkilö
- FR: migrant économique
- GA: imirceach eacnamaíoch
- GR: οικονομικός μετανάστης
- HU: gazdasági migráns
- IT: migrante economico
- LT: ekonominis migrantas
- LV: ekonomiskais migrants
- MT: Migrant(a) għal raġunijiet ekonomiċi
- NL: economische migrant
- NO: økonomisk migrant
- PL: migrant ekonomiczny
- PT: migrante económico
- RO: migrant economic
- SE: ekonomisk migrant
- SK: ekonomický migrant
- SL: ekonomski migrant
A person who leaves their country of origin purely for economic reasons that are not in any way related to the refugee definition, in order to seek material improvements in their livelihood.
2. Economic migrants are sometimes referred to as economic refugees, but this is a misuse of the term 'refugee'.
- BG: диаспора
- CZ: diaspora
- DE: Diaspora
- EE: diasporaa
- EN: diaspora
- ES: diáspora
- FI: diaspora
- FR: diaspora
- GA: diaspóra
- GR: διασπορά
- HU: diaszpóra
- IT: diaspora
- LT: diaspora
- LV: diaspora
- MT: Dijaspora
- NL: diaspora
- NO: diaspora
- PL: Diaspora
- PT: diáspora
- RO: diaspora
- SE: diaspora
- SK: diaspóra
- SL: diaspora
Individuals and members of networks, associations and communities, who have left their country of origin, but maintain links with their homelands.
2. It is a general term, with no legal definition, which can also cover EU Member State nationals (and immigrants) who feel strong connections to their origins.
- BG: Будапещенски процес
- CZ: Budapešťský proces
- DE: Budapest-Prozess
- EE: Budapesti protsess
- EN: Budapest Process
- ES: Proceso de Budapest
- FI: Budapestin prosessi
- FR: Processus de Budapest
- GA: Próiseas Bhúdaipeist
- GR: Διαδικασία της Βουδαπέστης
- HU: Budapest Folyamat
- IT: Processo di Budapest
- LT: Budapešto procesas
- LV: Budapeštas process
- MT: Proċess (Il-) ta’ Budapest
- NL: Boedapest proces
- NO: Budapest-prosessen
- PL: Proces Budapeszteński
- PT: Processo de Budapeste
- RO: Procesul Budapesta
- SE: Budapestprocessen
- SK: Budapeštiansky proces
- SL: Budimpeštanski proces
A consultative forum of more than 50 governments from the wider European region and ten international organisations, which aims to promote good governance in the field of migration, to develop comprehensive and sustainable systems for orderly migration and to exchange information and best practices on a wide range of migration issues (legal migration, irregular migration, asylum, visa, border management, trafficking in human beings and smuggling of migrants, readmission and return).
1. The Budapest Process was initiated by DE in 1991.
2. Through this dialogue, the Process promotes a harmonised approach in dealing with irregular migration challenges and support for the transfer and common understanding of migration concepts and policies.
3. For more information see the website of the Budapest Process.
- BG: Процесът „Бали“
- CZ: Balijský proces; Proces Bali
- DE: Bali-Prozess
- EE: Bali protsess
- EN: Bali Process
- ES: Proceso de Bali
- FI: Balin prosessi
- FR: Processus de Bali
- GA: Próiseas Bali
- GR: Διαδικασία του Μπαλί
- HU: Bali Folyamat
- IT: Processo di Bali
- LT: Balio procesas
- LV: Bali process
- MT: Proċess (Il-) ta’ Bali
- NL: Bali proces
- NO: Bali-prosessen
- PL: Proces Bali
- PT: Processo de Bali
- RO: Procesul Bali
- SE: Baliprocessen
- SK: Balijský proces
- SL: Baliski proces
An international forum dealing with smuggling of migrants and trafficking in human beings, participated in by over 50 countries in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond.
2. It aims to facilitate discussion and information sharing about issues relating to people smuggling, human trafficking, and related transnational crime and appropriate responses to these issues.
3. For more information, see the website of the Bali Process.
- BG: Партньорство за миграция, мобилност и заетост между страните на Африка и ЕС
- CZ: Partnerství EU-Afrika pro migraci, mobilitu a zaměstnanost
- DE: Afrika-EU Partnerschaft in den Bereichen Migration, Mobilität und Beschäftigung
- EE: Aafrika-EL migratsiooni, mobiilsuse ja tööhõive partnerlus
- EN: Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment Partnership
- ES: Asociación África-UE sobre migración, movilidad y empleo
- FI: Afrikan ja EU:n kumppanuus muuttoliikkeen, liikkuvuuden ja työllisyyden aloilla
- FR: Partenariat Afrique-UE sur les migrations, la mobilité et l’emploi
- GA: Comhpháirtíocht an AE agus na hAfraice maidir le hImirce, Soghluaisteacht agus Fostaíocht
- GR: και της εταιρικής σχέσης Αφρικής-ΕΕ για την μετανάστευση την κινητικότητα και την απασχόληση
- HU: Afrika-EU közötti Migrációs, Mobilitási és Foglalkoztatási Partnerség
- IT: Partenariato Africa-UE in materia di Migrazione, Mobilità e Occupazione
- LT: Afrikos ir ES partnerystė migracijos, judumo ir užimtumo srityse
- LV: Āfrikas un ES Migrācijas, mobilitātes un nodarbinātības partnerība
- MT: Sħubija bejn l-Afrika u l-UE dwar Migrazzjoni, Mobilità u Impiegi
- NL: Afrika-EU-Partnerschap inzake migratie, mobiliteit en werkgelegenheid
- NO: Afrika–EU migrasjons-, mobilitets- og sysselsettingspartnerskap (b) / Afrika–EU migrasjons-, mobilitets- og sysselsetjingspartnarskap
- PL: Partnerstwo UE-Afryka na rzecz migracji, mobilności i zatrudnienia
- PT: Parceria Africa-UE para as migrações, mobilidade e emprego
- RO: Parteneriatul Africa-EU cu privire la migraţie. mobilitate şi angajare
- SE: MME-partnerskapet (migration, rörlighet och sysselsättning)
- SK: Partnesrtvo Afrika - EÚ v oblasti migrácie, mobility a zamestnanosti
- SL: Afrika - EU Partnerstvo za migracije, mobilnost in zaposlovanje
A partnership that provides comprehensive responses to the issues of migration, mobility and employment, in the interest of all partners, with the particular objectives to create more and better jobs for Africa and to better manage migration flows.
2. The partnership aims to ensure sustainable development and the implementation of relevant international agreements and declarations, relying in particular on the Tripoli Declaration on Migration and Development, the Ouagadougou Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, especially Women and Children and the Ouagadougou Declaration and Plan of Action for Promotion of Employment and Poverty Alleviation.
3. It covers one of the eight areas of cooperation of the Africa-EU (Strategic) Partnership, which is the formal channel through which the European Union and the African Union work together, and which provides the overarching long-term framework for Africa-EU relations.
4. For more information, see the webpage of the Africa-EU Partnership.
- BG: Среща Азия-Европа
- CZ: Asijsko-evropské setkání
- DE: Asien-Europa-Treffen
- EE: Aasia-Euroopa kohtumine
- EN: Asia-Europe Meeting
- ES: Conferencia Asia-Europa
- FI: Aasian ja Euroopan yhteistyöfoorumi
- FR: Réunion Asie-Europe
- GA: Cruinniú den Áis agus den Eoraip
- GR: Διάσκεψη Ασίας – Ευρώπης
- HU: Ázsia-Európa Találkozó
- IT: Meeting Asia-Europa
- LT: Azijos ir Europos susitikimas
- LV: Āzijas un Eiropas sanāksme
- MT: Inkontru (L-) Asja-Ewropa (IAsE)
- NL: Asia-Europe Meeting
- NO: Asia-Europe Meeting
- PL: Asia-Europe Meeting
- PT: Cimeira Ásia-Europa
- RO: Reuniunea Asia Europa
- SE: Asia-Europe Meeting
- SK: Fórum Ázia - Európa
- SL: Azijsko - Evropski sestanek
2. In the political field, areas of common interest include the fight against terrorism or the management of migration flows; discussions on human rights, on the protection of children, and on the impact of globalisation.
3. For more information, see: http://www.aseminfoboard.org/.
- BG: акултурация
- CZ: akulturace
- DE: Akkulturation
- EE: kultuuriline kohanemine
- EN: acculturation
- ES: aculturación
- FI: akkulturaatio, sopeutuminen vieraaseen kulttuuriin
- FR: acculturation
- GA: athchultúrú
- GR: εκπολιτισμό
- HU: akkulturáció
- IT: acculturazione
- LT: akultūracija
- LV: akulturācija
- MT: Akkulturazzjoni
- NL: acculturatie
- NO: assimilasjon
- PL: akulturacja
- RO: aculturalizare
- SE: ackulturation
- SK: akulturácia
- SL: akulturacija
A series of changes in cultural mores (ideas, words, values, norms, behaviour, institutions) resulting from direct and continuous contact and interaction between groups of different cultures, particularly through migratory movements or economic exchange, the media and other channels.
- BG: интеграция
- CZ: integrace
- DE: Integration
- EE: lõimumine
- EN: integration
- ES: integración
- FI: kotouttaminen / kotoutuminen
- FR: intégration
- GA: imeascadh
- GR: ένταξη
- HU: integráció
- IT: integrazione
- LT: integracija
- LV: integrācija
- MT: Integrazzjoni
- NL: integratie
- NO: integrering
- PL: integracja
- PT: integração
- RO: integrare
- SE: integration
- SK: integrácia
- SL: integracija / vključevanje
In the EU context, a dynamic, two-way process of mutual accommodation by all immigrants and residents of EU Member States.
1. Art. 79(4) of the TFEU gives the legal base for Union activities on integration. The promotion of fundamental rights, non-discrimination and equal opportunities for all are key integration issues.
2. At EU level, integration policy is developed within the framework of Common Basic Principles – CBP (of which the broad definition above is the first one).
3. For more information, see European Website on Integration.